Table 1.
Selected demographics and characteristics of study population by sex
| Males | Females | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases, n (%) | Controls, n (%) | OR (95% CI)a | p value | Cases, n (%) | Controls, n (%) | OR (95% CI)a | p value | |
| n | 255 | 438 | 143 | 260 | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| < 50 | 6 (3) | 7 (2) | - | - | 4 (3) | 9 (3) | - | - |
| 50–59 | 23 (9) | 37 (8) | 15 (11) | 69 (27) | ||||
| 60–69 | 72 (28) | 163 (37) | 35 (24) | 38 (15) | ||||
| 70–79 | 92 (36) | 173 (40) | 59 (41) | 112 (43) | ||||
| ≥ 80 | 62 (24) | 58 (13) | 30 (21) | 32 (12) | ||||
| Median | 73 | 70.5 | 72.5 | 72.5 | ||||
| Education level | ||||||||
| ≤ High school graduate | 88 (35) | 127 (29) | Ref | 0.67 | 57 (40) | 76 (29) | Ref | 0.30 |
| Some post high school | 68 (27) | 131 (30) | 0.91 (0.58, 1.41) | 41 (29) | 95 (37) | 0.68 (0.39, 1.20) | ||
| College graduate | 98 (38) | 179 (41) | 1.11 (0.70, 1.75) | 44 (31) | 88 (34) | 1.01 (0.57, 1.80) | ||
| Household income | ||||||||
| ≤ $40,000 | 98 (39) | 131 (31) | Ref | 0.24 | 73 (53) | 112 (45) | Ref | 0.12 |
| $40,000 – 80,000 | 90 (36) | 168 (39) | 0.70 (0.46, 1.06) | 52 (38) | 83 (33) | 1.21 (0.72, 2.04) | ||
| > $80,000 | 62 (25) | 127 (30) | 0.76 (0.46, 1.25) | 13 (9) | 56 (22) | 0.56 (0.26, 1.20) | ||
| Personal history of cancer | ||||||||
| No | 180 (71) | 355 (81) | Ref | 0.85 | 100 (70) | 217 (83) | Ref | 0.81 |
| Yes | 75 (29) | 83 (19) | 0.95 (0.58, 1.57) | 43 (30) | 43 (17) | 1.10 (0.51, 2.38) | ||
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Never smoker | 96 (38) | 190 (43) | Ref | 0.26 | 65 (46) | 151 (58) | Ref | 0.04 |
| Former smoker | 140 (55) | 205 (47) | 1.33 (0.92, 1.92) | 62 (43) | 84 (33) | 1.93 (1.16, 3.23) | ||
| Current smoker | 18 (7) | 42 (10) | 0.99 (0.52, 1.90) | 16 (11) | 24 (9) | 1.66 (0.74, 3.74) | ||
| Benzene exposure | ||||||||
| No | 199 (78) | 367 (84) | Ref. | 0.02 | 134 (94) | 251 (96) | Ref | 0.23 |
| Yes | 56 (22) | 71 (16) | 1.68 (1.10, 2.55) | 8 (5.6) | 9 (3.5) | 1.88 (0.67, 5.27) | ||
| Chemotherapy exposure | ||||||||
| No | 218 (85) | 417 (95) | Ref | 0.008 | 114 (80) | 241 (93) | Ref | 0.01 |
| Yes | 37 (15) | 21 (4.8) | 2.65 (1.30, 5.41) | 29 (20) | 19 (7.3) | 3.36 (1.31, 8.63) | ||
| Radiation exposure | ||||||||
| No | 220 (86) | 413 (94) | Ref | 0.19 | 122 (85) | 239 (92) | Ref | 0.51 |
| Yes | 35 (14) | 25 (5.7) | 1.59 (0.80, 3.16) | 21 (15) | 21 (8.1) | 0.73 (0.28, 1.89) | ||
| BMI categoryb | ||||||||
| normal weight, 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 | 58 (23) | 84 (19) | Ref | 0.52 | 46 (32) | 86 (33) | Ref | 0.85 |
| overweight, 25–29.9 kg/m2 | 105 (41) | 203 (46) | 0.78 (0.50, 1.20) | 46 (32) | 90 (35) | 0.94 (0.54, 1.66) | ||
| obese, ≥30 kg/m2 | 91 (36) | 151 (34) | 0.83 (0.53, 1.31) | 49 (35) | 79 (31) | 1.10 (0.63, 1.94) |
Abbreviations: Confidence interval (CI); Odds ratio (OR); Reference level (Ref)
Columns may not sum to totals due to missing data; matching variables included age-decile and sex; ORs not calculated for age group.
a
Adjusted for age (continuous), all other variables included in table, and lifetime alcohol consumption
b
Excludes 1 male and 3 females who were underweight; based on weight reported 2 years prior to diagnosis for cases and 2 years prior to questionnaire completion for controls