Table 5.
Factors associated with expectations and beliefs regarding management of low back pain, including only the subgroup of patients endorsing LBP in the last 12 months, weights are included
| No further examinations (n = 538/712) |
Imaging in acute LBP (n = 561/712) |
Prescription for massages (n = 618/712) |
Injection therapy (n = 583/712) |
Referral for physiotherapy in acute LBP (n = 591/712) |
Continue everyday activity (n = 601/712) |
There is no effective treatment for LBP (n = 437/712) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variable | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Female | 1.19 (1.02, 1.39) | 0.90 (0.79, 1.01) | 1.74 (1.53, 1.98) | 1.08 (0.95, 1.22) | 1. 40 (1.23, 1.59) | 2.15 (1.89, 2.45) | 1.03 (0.85, 1.23) |
| Age in years (continuously) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.03 (1.03, 1.04) | 1.01 (1.01, 1.02) |
| Educational level | |||||||
| < 10 years of school | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| 10 years | 0.81 (0.65, 0.99) | 0.82 (0.69, 0.96) | 1.06 (0.89, 1.28) | 0.56 (0.48 0.66) | 1.20 (1.02, 1.42) | 0.85 (0.71, 1.01) | 0.55 (0.45, 0.68) |
| > 10 years | 1.22 (0.96, 1.56) | 0.55 (0.47, 0.66) | 0.74 (0.60, 0.90) | 0.22 (0.19, 0.27) | 1.11 (0.92, 1.33) | 1.34 (1.09, 1.64) | 0.36 (0.28, 0.47) |
| Self-assessed health status | |||||||
| Excellent/very good | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Good | 0.82 (0.65, 1.03) | 1.77 (1.51, 2.07) | 1.56 (1.33, 1.84) | 0.97 (0.84, 1.14) | 1.98 (1.70, 2.31) | 0.63 (0.53, 0.75) | 1.22 (0.94, 1.58) |
| Poor | 0.66 (0.51, 0.85) | 2.49 (2.07, 2.99) | 2.15 (1.75, 2.63) | 0.90 (0.75, 1.09) | 1.78(1.48, 2.15) | 0.44 (0.36, 0.54) | 3.21 (2.42, 4.26) |
| Low back pain on a 10-point scale in the last year | |||||||
| Mild (0–5) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Moderate (6, 7) | 0.73 (0.62, 0.86) | 1.07 (0.94, 1.22) | 0.87 (0.75, 1.00) | 1.23 (1.08, 1.41) | 0.90 (0.78, 1.04) | 0.84 (0.73, 0.97) | 0.65 (0.53, 0.80) |
| Severe (8–10) | 0.40 (0.33, 0.49) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.22) | 1.08 (0.88, 1.32) | 0.84 (0.71, 1.00) | 0.85 (0.71, 1.03) | 0.56 (0.47 0.68) | 1.28 (1.02, 1.62) |
| analgesics for low back pain in the last 12 months | |||||||
| No | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
| Yes | 0.65 (0.55, 0.76 | 0.85 (0.76, 0.96) | 0.74 (0.65, 0.85) | 1.37 (1.22, 1.54) | 1.25 (1.11, 1.41 | 1.33 (1.16, 1.51) | 0.96 (0.81, 1.15) |
| Prior imaging for LBP | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Yes | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | |||||
| No | 2. 41 (2.08, 2.79) | 0.63 (0.55, 0.71) | |||||
| Prior injection therapy | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| No | 1 (Reference) | ||||||
| Yes | 2.19 (1.96, 2.45) | ||||||
OR Odds ratio, 95% CI 95% Confidence interval, LBP Low back pain, bold numbers are statistically significant