Table 1.
The drugs with contributions to block ‘vicious circle.’
| Drugs | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| BP | Non-nitrogen containing: inhibiting ATP hydrolysis Nitrogen containing: prevents protein prenylation of small GTPases |
(Vinay & KusumDevi, 2016); (O’Carrigan et al., 2017); (Horne et al., 2018) |
| Denosumab | Antibody to RANKL | (Gul et al., 2016); (Lipton et al., 2016); (Stopeck et al., 2016) |
| Odanacatib and balicatib and L-235 | Inhibit cathepskin K | (Saracino et al., 2016); (Duong et al., 2014) |
| BTZ | Inhibit NF-kB pathway in osteoclast | (Zhu et al., 2018); (Wang, Cai, et al., 2018) |
| GANT58 | Inhibits Gli2 nuclear translocation and PTHrP expression in tumor cells | (Vanderburgh et al., 2019); (Vanderburgh et al., 2020) |
| nHA | Mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis | (Zhang, Zhou, et al., 2019); (Sun, Chen, et al., 2016) |
| BMS-777607/ASLAN002 | Inhibit MSP/RON signaling pathway | (Andrade et al., 2017) |
| Ga | Decrease RANKL-induced initial expression and auto-amplification of NFATc1 | (Strazic-Geljic et al., 2016) |
| Quetiapine | Inhibiting RANKL-mediated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways | (Wang et al., 2015) |
| PKI-402 | Impair the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathways | (Yuan et al., 2019) |
| Dasatinib | Inhibit Src activity | (Irelli et al., 2016) |
| Chinese herbs extractions/plant extractions: | ||
| Licorice isoliquiritigenin (ISL) | Anti RANKL-induced osteoclast generation | (Sun, Zhang, et al., 2019) |
| Curcumin | Suppress gene products regulated by NF-κB |
(Wang, Guo, et al., 2018); (Yang et al., 2020); (An et al., 2018) |
| Quercetin | Anti-oxidant | (Forte et al., 2017); (Zhang et al., 2017); (Ge et al., 2020) |
| Plumbagin (PL) | Abrogated RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways by blocking RANK association with TRAF6 in osteoclastogenesis | (Qiao et al., 2017); (Li et al., 2012) |
| Artemisinin, Dihydroartemisinin | Reduced expression of genes involved in osteoclast formation, suppressed osteoclast differentiation, F-actin ring formation and bone resorption through suppressing AKT/SRC pathways | (Ma et al., 2018); (Li et al., 2019); (Feng et al., 2016) |
| Raddeanin A | Inhibit SRC/AKT signaling pathway; | (Wang, Mo, et al., 2018) |
| Platycodin D | Blocked RANKL-induced osteoclast formation by inhibiting the expression and nuclear translocation of NFATc1 and c-Fos in BMMs; inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells | (Lee et al., 2015) |
| wedelolactone | Inhibit Akt/mammalian target of the rapamycin signaling pathway (mTOR); suppress NF-κB/c-fos/NFATc1 pathway | (Hsieh et al., 2015); (Liu, Hong, et al., 2016) |
| Thymoquinone | Suppress NF-KB and MAPK signaling | (Thummuri et al., 2015) |
| Brucine | Suppress Jagged1/Notch1 Signaling Pathways; Increase both the OPG mRNA/RANKL mRNA expression ratio and the OPG protein/RANKL protein ratio |
(Hu et al., 2017); (Wu et al., 2017) |
| benzyl isothiocyanate | Down-regulate RANKL and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) | (Pore et al., 2018) |
| Camellia sinensis | Anti-oxidant | (Luo et al., 2015) |
| Sinomenine | Reducing IL-8/CXCR1 and c-Fos/NFATc1 signaling | (Zhang, Zou, et al., 2019) |