Table 3.
Designed local release systems based on nanomaterials or nanotechnology and the released characteristics.
| Classification | Matrix | Fabrication methods | Loaded drug | Osteogenesis | PTT | Trigger | 50% cumulative release time | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scaffold composite | Titanium | 3D print; slurry foaming method | HA NPs | Yes | >7 d | (Zhang, Zhou, et al., 2019) | ||
| Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) copolymer with polyvinyl alcohol | 3D print | DOX | ∼1 d | (Ahangar et al., 2018) | ||||
| PCL | Solvent casting and particulate leaching technique | Dexamethasone | Yes | >192 h | (Palamà et al., 2017) | |||
| Titania | Electrochemical method | TRAIL | >4 d | (Kaur et al., 2016) | ||||
| Hydroxyapatite granules and branched copolymer-pamidronate | Copolymerization | Pamidronate | Bis-MPA-PLLA90-PCL38 > 20h;bis-MPA -PLLA64-PCL64,bis-MPA -PLLA38-PCL90 > 120h | (Oledzka et al., 2017) | ||||
| Gelatin/(β-TCP) nanocomposite | Cross-linking and self-assemble | ZOL | yes | (Rahmanian et al., 2017) | ||||
| Hydroxyapatite (HA) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement | Polymerization | ZOL | Yes | (Koto et al., 2017) | ||||
| CS | Freeze-drying | Yes | Yes | (Zhao et al., 2020) | ||||
| Hydrogel | Pluronic | Cold method | Bleomycin A6 | ∼8 h | (Ding et al., 2016) | |||
| Gelatin methacryloyl | In-situ photocrosslinkable | Gemcitabine | <∼12 h | (Wu et al., 2018) | ||||
| Gellan gum | Cross-linking and reassemble | ALN | >25 d | (Posadowska et al., 2015) | ||||
| Pami-D; Alen-D | Self-assemble | Pami-D; Alen-D | (Tang et al., 2016) |