Table 1.
Sesquiterpenes and terpenoids observed in the gas phase during GoAmazon2014/5 with proposed identification and their alkane-based retention index, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number, mean concentration during wet and dry seasons, reaction rate constant with O3 (ko3), and estimated chemical lifetime in the presence of 20ppbv O3. ko3 is estimated using EPA EPI Suite 4.1 AOPWIN where literature data are unavailable. Concentrations of each species are estimated by using an average instrument response factor for several sesquiterpene standards unless otherwise noted that an authentic standard was used. Other commonly studied sesquiterpenes typically below detection or unobserved are also included for comparison of reactive timescales.
No. | Compound | Retention index |
CAS no. | Wet
season mean concentration |
Dry
season mean concentration |
kO3 ×
1017 (cm3 molec−1 |
τ for [O3] = 20 ppbv (min) |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(ngm −3) | (ppqv) | (ng m −3) | (ppqv) | ||||||
Sesquiterpenes | |||||||||
1 | α-cubebene | 1355 | 17699–14-8 | 2.25 | 250 | 1.90 | 211 | 43.0 | 78.9 |
2 | unidentified | 1380 | 2.86 | 318 | 1.12 | 125 | |||
3 | cyclosativene | 1383 | 22469–52-9 | 2.86 | 317 | 1.16 | 129 | 7.4 | 458.7 |
4 | α-copaene | 1387 | 3856–25-5 | 3.75a | 417 | 3.92a | 435 | 16b | 212.0 |
5 | β-elemene | 1397 | 515–13-9 | 2.08 | 231 | 1.46 | 163 | 2.6 | 1317.2 |
6 | cyperene | 1420 | 2387–78-2 | 1.61 | 179 | 0.81 | 90 | NEc | |
7 | α-cedrene | 1435 | 469–61-4 | 0.25a | 28 | 0.45a | 49 | 78.9 | |
8 | unidentified | 1443 | 4.76 | 529 | 6.04 | 670 | 2.8b | ||
9 | β-gurjunene | 1447 | 17334–55-3 | 0.88 | 97 | 0.88 | 98 | 7.4 | 458.7 |
10 | unidentified | 1453 | 26620–71-3 | 0.32 | 35 | 0.01 | 2 | ||
11 | unidentified | 1462 | 1.61 | 179 | 1.38 | 153 | |||
12 | α-patchoulene | 1471 | 560–32-7 | 0.27 | 30 | 1.01 | 113 | 7.4 | 458.7 |
13 | unidentified; SQT202 | 1474 | 0.29 | 33 | 0.43 | 49 | |||
14 | (−) alloaromadendrenea | 1476 | 025246–27-9 | 1.93a | 214 | 1.72a | 191 | 1.2 | 2826.4 |
15 | γ-muurolene | 1486 | 30021–74-0 | 0.18 | 20 | 0.11 | 12 | 44.2 | 76.7 |
16 | unidentified; SQT202 | 1486 | 2.36 | 265 | 4.89 | 548 | |||
17 | α-amorphene | 1490 | 20085–19-2 | 1.23 | 136 | 1.03 | 114 | 86.0 | 39.4 |
18 | β-selinene | 1505 | 17066–67-0 | 0.45 | 50 | 2.38 | 264 | 2.4 | 1413.2 |
19 | α-muurolene | 1509 | 31983–22-9 | 1.50 | 166 | 1.45 | 161 | 86.0 | 39.4 |
20 | unidentified | 1512 | 2.14 | 237 | 1.50 | 167 | |||
21 | β-bisabolene | 1513 | 495–61-4 | 1.24 | 138 | 0.32 | 36 | 87.20 | 38.9 |
22 | cuparene | 1524 | 16982–00-6 | 1.13 | 127 | 0.62 | 69 | ||
23 | γ -cadinene | 1526 | 39029–41-9 | 1.75 | 194 | 1.18 | 131 | 44.2 | 76.7 |
24 | δ-cadinene | 1529 | 483–76-1 | 0.95 | 105 | 0.81 | 90 | 163.0 | 20.8 |
25 | cis-calamenene SQT202 | 1534 | 72937–55-4 | 0.81 | 91 | 0.32 | 35 | NEc | |
26 | selinene < 7-epi-α > | 1537 | 6813–21-4 | 0.14 | 15 | 0.22 | 25 | 163.0 | 20.8 |
27 | γ -cuprenene | 1545 | 4895–23-2 | 0.32 | 35 | 0.14 | 15 | 50.4 | 67.3 |
28 | α-cadinene | 1549 | 24406–05-1 | 0.17 | 18 | 0.06 | 7 | 86.0 | 39.4 |
29 | unidentified | 1553 | 0.01 | 1 | 0.13 | 14 | |||
30 | selina-3,7(11)-diene | 1558 | 6813–21-4 | 0.07 | 8 | 0.10 | 11 | 163.0 | 20.8 |
Below detection or unobserved | |||||||||
β-caryophyllene | 1427 | 87–44-5 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 1160.0 | 2.9 | |
trans-α-bergamotene | 1442 | 13474–59-4 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 86.0 | 39.4 | |
aromadendrene | 1450 | 489–39-4 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 1.2 | 2826.4 | |
α-humulene | 1471 | 6753–98-6 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 1170.0 | 2.9 | |
β-farnesene | 18794–84-8 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 40.1d | 84.6 | ||
α-farnesene | 1509 | 502–61-4 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 104.0 | 32.6 | |
valencene | 1523 | 4630–07-3 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 8.6 | 394.7 | |
Diterpenes | |||||||||
31 | rimuene | 1958 | 1686–67-5 | 0.21 | 18 | 0.22 | 19 | 7.6 | 448.1 |
32 | pimaradiene | 1977 | 1686–61-9 | 0.11 | 10 | 0.14 | 12 | 7.6 | 448.1 |
33 | Sandaracopimaradiene | 1995 | 1686–56-2 | 0.38 | 33 | 0.15 | 13 | 7.6 | 448.1 |
34 | kaurene | 2085 | 34424–57-2 | 0.97 | 86 | 0.69 | 60 | 1.1 | 2981.7 |
Total sesquiterpenes + diterpenes: | 41.8 | 4611 | 38.8 | 4285 | n/a | n/a |
Authentic standard used for quantification.
NE: no estimate in EPI Suite.