TABLE 4.

Side effects experienced by COVID-19 patients and their incidence among the treated patients.

Study	Side effects	Incidence of side effects	Ref
Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: Results of a randomized clinical trial	Skin rash (1) headache (1)	6.5% (2/31)	(Chen Z. et al., 2020)
Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a 6-day follow up: A pilot observational study	Blurry vision (1) nausea/Vomiting (2) diarrhea (4)	8.75% (7/80)	(Gautret et al., 2020b)
Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1,061 cases in marseille, France	Abdominal pain (3), diarrhea (12), nausea (1), vomiting (1), headache (3), insomnia (2), blurry vision (2), skin rash (2)	2.35% (25/1,061)	(Million et al., 2020)
No evidence of rapid antiviral clearance or clinical benefit with the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in patients with severe COVID-19 infection	QT interval prolongation (1)	9.1% (1/11)	(Molina et al., 2020)
A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19	Diarrhea (4) elevated liver enzymes (4)	26.67% (4/15)	(Chen J. et al., 2020)
Effect of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Preliminary results from a multi-centre, randomized, controlled trial	Torsades de pointes (1)	0.06% (1/1,561)	(Horby et al., 2020)
Hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin in mild-to-moderate Covid-19	QT interval prolongation (13), arrhythmia (3), bradycardia (1), supraventricular tachycardia (2), pneumothorax (1), nausea (9), anemia (14), bloodstream infection (1), elevated liver enzymes (17), itching (1), hypoglycemia (1), elevated bilirubin level (5), thrombocytopenia (14), leukopenia (3), lymphopenia (17)	33.67% (67/199)	(Cavalcanti et al., 2020)