Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Subjects
| Variables | All Subjects (n=349) | Non-Progressive Ischemic Stroke (n=265) | Progressive Ischemic Stroke (n=84) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 72.97±11.47 | 73.08±11.34 | 72.60±11.93 | 0.739 |
| Male | 202 (57.88%) | 158 (59.62%) | 44 (52.38%) | 0.241 |
| Current smoking | 112 (32.09%) | 86 (32.45%) | 26 (30.95%) | 0.797 |
| Alcohol use | 67 (19.20%) | 48 (18.11%) | 19 (22.62%) | 0.361 |
| Interleukin 10 (pg/mL) | 4.81 (2.78–7.72) | 4.28 (2.66–7.45) | 5.71 (4.08–8.10) | 0.004 |
| Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (mg/L) | 753.82 (639.88–954.83) | 715.65 (635.04–891.42) | 870.81 (698.83–1345.70) | <0.001 |
| Legumain (ng/mL) | 5.37 (4.52–7.02) | 5.14 (4.49–6.63) | 6.01 (4.64–11.41) | 0.002 |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Hypertension | 263 (75.36%) | 191 (72.08%) | 72 (85.71%) | 0.011 |
| Coronary heart disease | 36 (10.32%) | 27 (10.19%) | 9 (10.71%) | 0.840 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 57 (16.33%) | 43 (16.23%) | 14 (16.67%) | 0.924 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 139 (39.83%) | 96 (36.23%) | 43 (51.19%) | 0.015 |
| Diabetes | 155 (44.41%) | 110 (41.51%) | 45 (53.57%) | 0.053 |
| Cerebral infarction history | 90 (25.79%) | 69 (26.04%) | 21 (25.00%) | 0.850 |
| Cerebral hemorrhage history | 4 (1.15%) | 2 (0.75%) | 2 (2.38%) | 0.245 |
| Blood test | ||||
| White blood cells (×109/L) | 6.73 (5.58–8.18) | 6.59 (5.56–7.98) | 6.99 (5.67–8.58) | 0.344 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 133 (121–145) | 132 (120–145) | 137 (124–147.5) | 0.101 |
| Platelet (×109/L) | 206 (171–245) | 205 (170–246) | 215.5 (172.75–243.25) | 0.357 |
| Random glucose (mmol/L) | 7.70 (6.30–11.40) | 7.60 (6.30–10.70) | 8.42 (6.28–13.67) | 0.078 |
| Fasting blood sugar (mmol/L) | 5.59 (4.88–7.47) | 5.49 (4.87–6.99) | 5.97 (5.07–8.72) | 0.018 |
| Hemoglobin A1C (%) | 6.20 (5.80–7.70) | 6.20 (5.80–7.50) | 6.30 (5.60–8.62) | 0.764 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 3.20 (1.30–7.80) | 3.10 (1.30–7.30) | 3.85 (1.25–9.43) | 0.709 |
| International Normalized Ratio | 0.93 (0.89–0.98) | 0.93 (0.89–0.98) | 0.94 (0.89–0.98) | 0.692 |
| D-dimer (mg/L) | 0.41 (0.23–0.98) | 0.39 (0.23–0.86) | 0.52 (0.22–1.42) | 0.230 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.57 (3.82–5.32) | 4.49 (3.82–5.23) | 4.78 (3.85–5.60) | 0.141 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.12 (0.93–1.33) | 1.10 (0.91–1.30) | 1.16 (1.04–1.44) | 0.005 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.68 (2.13–3.31) | 2.66 (2.23–3.28) | 2.79 (1.73–3.38) | 0.355 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.21 (0.92–1.71) | 1.19 (0.92–1.66) | 1.27 (0.92–1.93) | 0.496 |
| Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 5.52 (4.40–6.70) | 5.52 (4.40–6.61) | 5.54 (4.36–6.86) | 0.665 |
| Creatinine (mmol/L) | 72.00 (60.20–86.00) | 73.30 (62.80–86.90) | 66.45 (54.33–80.55) | 0.003 |
| Uric acid (mmol/L) | 330.45 (273.68–392.32) | 332.00 (277.40–395.30) | 322.20 (258.65–380.55) | 0.176 |
| Homocysteine (μmol/L) | 15.40 (12.80–19.30) | 15.10 (12.70–18.90) | 16.00 (12.88–20.10) | 0.516 |
| Cystatin C (mg/L) | 0.86 (0.84–0.89) | 0.86 (0.83–0.89) | 0.86 (0.85–0.89) | 0.350 |
| Location of ischemic stroke | 0.126 | |||
| Anterior circulation | 225 (64.47%) | 165 (62.26%) | 60 (71.43%) | |
| Posterior circulation | 124 (35.53%) | 100 (37.74%) | 24 (28.57%) | |
| Subtypes of ischemic stroke | 0.079 | |||
| Large-artery atherosclerosis | 148 (42.41%) | 106 (40.00%) | 42 (50.00%) | |
| Cardioembolism | 62 (17.77%) | 46 (17.36%) | 16 (19.05%) | |
| Small-vessel occlusion | 133 (38.11%) | 108 (40.75%) | 25 (29.76%) | |
| Stroke of other determined etiology | 1 (0.29%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (1.19%) | |
| Stroke of undetermined etiology | 5 (1.43%) | 5 (1.89%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Note: A P-value <0.05 was presented in bold.