Table 2. Baseline and admission characteristics.
| All patients | COVID-19 (Group 1) | No COVID-19 (Group 2) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 684 | N = 434 | N = 250 | ||
| Age | 63.6 ± 18.7 | 63.8 ± 17.1 | 63.2 ± 21.1 | 0.61 |
| Women | 302 (44.2) | 175 (40.3) | 127 (50.8) | < 0.01 |
| Initial symptoms | ||||
| Fever or flu-like symptoms | 679 (99.3) | 432 (99.5) | 247 (98.8) | 0.28 |
| Cough | 464 (67.8) | 300 (69.1) | 164 (65.6) | 0.34 |
| Dyspnea | 498 (72.8) | 329 (75.8) | 169 (67.6) | 0.03 |
| Chest pain/palpitations | 115 (16.8) | 55 (12.7) | 60 (24.0) | < 0.001 |
| ENT symptomsa | 126 (18.4) | 84 (19.4) | 42 (16.8) | 0.41 |
| Digestive symptomsb | 194 (28.4) | 122 (28.1) | 72 (28.8) | 0.84 |
| Neurological symptomsc | 126 (18.4) | 76 (17.5) | 50 (20.0) | 0.42 |
| SpO2 ≤ 96% | 579 (84.6) | 386 (88.9) | 193 (77.2) | < 0.001 |
| Time from symptoms to admission (days) | ||||
| Mean ± standard deviation | 6.9 ± 4.6 | 7.6 ± 4.0 | 5.7 ± 5.2 | < 0.001 |
| Median [interquartile range] | 7.0 [4.0–9.0] | 7.0 [5.0–10.0] | 4.0 [2.0–7.0] | < 0.001 |
| Admission laboratory values | ||||
| WBC count (109/L) | 7.3 [5.3–9.7] | 6.3 [4.7–8.1] | 8.8 [8.2–12.5] | < 0.001 |
| C Reactive Protein (mg/L) | 51 [13–104] | 62 [29–124] | 19 [10–78] | < 0.001 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 466 [373–629] | 554 [439–706] | 382 [365–456] | < 0.001 |
| hs Cardiac Troponin (ng/L) | 7 [4–17] | 7 [4–15] | 8 [7–19] | 0.11 |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | 765 [370–1278] | 840 [535–1390] | 510 [375–1200] | 0.69 |
| RT-PCR for COVID-19 | ||||
| Nasopharyngeal positive/negative | 379/305 | 379/55 | 0/250 | - |
| Sputum positive/negative | 17/38 | 17/6 | 0/32 | - |
| At least one positive PCR | 395 (57.7) | 395 (91.0) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| Chest CT scan | ||||
| Performed | 469 (68.8) | 320 (73.7) | 149 (59.6) | < 0.001 |
| Diagnosis of COVID-19 | ||||
| Definite or very likely | 291 (42.5) | 284 (65.4) | 7 (2.8) |
< 0.001 |
| Possible | 52 (7.6) | 24 (5.5) | 28 (11.3) | |
| No sign of COVID-19 | 126 (18.4) | 12 (2.8) | 114 (45.6) | |
| Extension of suspected COVID-19 lesions | ||||
| < 10% | 77 (11.3) | 52 (12.0) | 25 (10.0) |
< 0.001 |
| 10–24% | 135 (19.7) | 130 (30.0) | 5 (2.0) | |
| 25–50% | 95 (13.9) | 94 (21.7) | 1 (0.4) | |
| > 50% | 29 (4.2) | 29 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| NA | 348 (50.9) | 129 (29.7) | 219 (87.6) | |
| Admitted to intensive care unit /Need for mechanical ventilation | 66 (9.6) | 59 (13.6) | 7 (2.8) | < 0.001 |
| Hospital stay duration (days) | 8 [5–15] | 9 [5–16] | 7 [5–12]] | < 0.001 |
Data are mean ± standard deviation, number (%) or median [interquartile range]. COVID-19 indicates coronavirus disease 2019; CT, computed tomography; ENT, ear, nose, and throat; NA, not available; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; SpO2, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation; WBC, white blood cell count; hs cardiac troponin, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T test.
a ENT symptoms included nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, ageusia, and anosmia.
b Digestive symptoms included abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and poor appetite.
c Neurological symptoms included severe headache, severe change in behavior, convulsions, consciousness disorders, and syncope.