Table 3.
Community Fixed-Effect Regression Models Predicting the BMI-for-Age Z Scores among Children (ages 10–15) in India, IHDS-II 2011–12
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | 95% C.I. | b | 95% C.I. | b | 95% C.I. | b | 95% C.I. | b | 95% C.I. | |
| Father’s migration status | ||||||||||
| Non-migrant (ref.) | ||||||||||
| Returned migrant | −0.13 | [−0.26 – 0.00] | −0.49 | [−1.27 – 0.28] | −0.12 | [−0.30 – 0.05] | 0.14 | [−0.25 – 0.53] | 0.15 | [−0.32 – 0.62] |
| Current migrant | 0.09 | [−0.04 – 0.21] | −0.99 | [−2.03 – 0.04] | 0.07 | [−0.10 – 0.23] | −0.09 | [−0.43 – 0.25] | −0.20 | [−0.57 – 0.17] |
| Interaction with the level of socioeconomic development | ||||||||||
| Returned migrant × other urban | 0.24 | [−0.61 – 1.09] | ||||||||
| Returned migrant × more-developed rural | 0.58 | [−0.23 – 1.39] | ||||||||
| Returned migrant × less-developed rural | 0.25 | [−0.54 – 1.05] | ||||||||
| Current migrant × other urban | 1.27 | [0.18 – 2.36] | ||||||||
| Current migrant × more-developed rural | 0.99 | [−0.07 – 2.05] | ||||||||
| Current migrant × less-developed rural | 1.11 | [0.07 – 2.16] | ||||||||
| Interaction with the child’s gender | ||||||||||
| Girls | 0.19 | [0.14 – 0.25] | 0.19 | [0.14 – 0.25] | 0.19 | [0.13 – 0.25] | 0.18 | [0.07 – 0.29] | 0.10 | [−0.01 – 0.22] |
| Returned migrant × girls | −0.01 | [−0.22 – 0.21] | −0.07 | [−0.54 – 0.40] | −0.12 | [−0.66 – 0.41] | ||||
| Current migrant × girls | 0.04 | [−0.17 – 0.24] | 0.27 | [−0.15 – 0.70] | 0.57 | [0.06 – 1.09] | ||||
| Interaction with community gender context | ||||||||||
| Returned migrant × son preference | −0.75 | [−1.72 – 0.22] | ||||||||
| Current migrant × son preference | 0.51 | [−0.40 – 1.43] | ||||||||
| Girls × son preference | 0.04 | [−0.29 – 0.38] | ||||||||
| Returned migrant × girls × son preference | 0.14 | [−1.16 – 1.44] | ||||||||
| Current migrant × girls × son preference | −0.77 | [−1.91 – 0.37] | ||||||||
| Returned migrant × purdah practice | −0.34 | [−0.90 – 0.22] | ||||||||
| Current migrant × purdah practice | 0.38 | [−0.08 – 0.85] | ||||||||
| Girls × purdah practice | 0.14 | [−0.02 – 0.29] | ||||||||
| Returned migrant × girls × purdah practice | 0.11 | [−0.55 – 0.78] | ||||||||
| Current migrant × girls × purdah practice | −0.76 | [−1.39 − −0.13] | ||||||||
| Age (in month) | −0.04 | [−0.06 − −0.02] | −0.04 | [−0.06 − −0.02] | −0.04 | [−0.06 − −0.02] | −0.04 | [−0.06 − −0.02] | −0.04 | [−0.06 − −0.02] |
| Age squared | 0.00 | [0.00 – 0.00] | 0.00 | [0.00 – 0.00] | 0.00 | [0.00 – 0.00] | 0.00 | [0.00 – 0.00] | 0.00 | [0.00 – 0.00] |
| Mother’s age | 0.02 | [0.01 – 0.02] | 0.02 | [0.01 – 0.02] | 0.02 | [0.01 – 0.02] | 0.02 | [0.01 – 0.02] | 0.02 | [0.01 – 0.02] |
| Mother’s height | −0.00 | [−0.01 – 0.00] | −0.00 | [−0.01 – 0.00] | −0.00 | [−0.01 – 0.00] | −0.00 | [−0.01 – 0.00] | −0.00 | [−0.01 – 0.00] |
| Mother’s years of education | 0.01 | [−0.00 – 0.02] | 0.01 | [−0.00 – 0.02] | 0.01 | [−0.00 – 0.02] | 0.01 | [−0.00 – 0.02] | 0.01 | [−0.00 – 0.02] |
| Father’s years of education | 0.00 | [−0.00 – 0.01] | 0.00 | [−0.00 – 0.01] | 0.00 | [−0.00 – 0.01] | 0.00 | [−0.00 – 0.01] | 0.00 | [−0.00 – 0.01] |
| Coresidence with grandparents | −0.03 | [−0.10 – 0.05] | −0.03 | [−0.10 – 0.04] | −0.03 | [−0.10 – 0.05] | −0.03 | [−0.10 – 0.05] | −0.03 | [−0.10 – 0.04] |
| Number of children in the household | −0.05 | [−0.08 − −0.02] | −0.05 | [−0.08 − −0.02] | −0.05 | [−0.08 − −0.02] | −0.05 | [−0.08 − −0.02] | −0.05 | [−0.08 − −0.02] |
| Any children under age 5 | −0.06 | [−0.20 – 0.09] | −0.05 | [−0.20 – 0.09] | −0.06 | [−0.20 – 0.09] | −0.05 | [−0.20 – 0.09] | −0.06 | [−0.20 – 0.09] |
| Birth order | −0.04 | [−0.06 − −0.01] | −0.04 | [−0.06 − −0.01] | −0.04 | [−0.06 − −0.01] | −0.04 | [−0.06 − −0.01] | −0.04 | [−0.06 − −0.01] |
| Caste and religious groups | ||||||||||
| Forward caste (ref.) | ||||||||||
| OBC | −0.07 | [−0.17 – 0.04] | −0.06 | [−0.17 – 0.04] | −0.07 | [−0.17 – 0.04] | −0.06 | [−0.17 – 0.04] | −0.06 | [−0.17 – 0.04] |
| Dalit | 0.01 | [−0.10 – 0.12] | 0.01 | [−0.10 – 0.12] | 0.01 | [−0.10 – 0.12] | 0.01 | [−0.10 – 0.12] | 0.01 | [−0.10 – 0.12] |
| Adivasi | −0.08 | [−0.27 – 0.10] | −0.08 | [−0.27 – 0.11] | −0.08 | [−0.27 – 0.10] | −0.08 | [−0.27 – 0.10] | −0.08 | [−0.27 – 0.11] |
| Muslim | 0.07 | [−0.09 – 0.24] | 0.07 | [−0.10 – 0.24] | 0.07 | [−0.09 – 0.24] | 0.07 | [−0.10 – 0.24] | 0.08 | [−0.09 – 0.24] |
| Christian, Sikh, and Jain | 0.00 | [−0.27 – 0.28] | 0.01 | [−0.27 – 0.28] | 0.00 | [−0.27 – 0.28] | 0.00 | [−0.27 – 0.27] | 0.00 | [−0.27 – 0.28] |
| Household assets | ||||||||||
| Poorest (ref.) | ||||||||||
| 2nd quintile | 0.13 | [0.02 – 0.24] | 0.13 | [0.03 – 0.24] | 0.13 | [0.03 – 0.24] | 0.13 | [0.02 – 0.23] | 0.13 | [0.02 – 0.24] |
| Middle quintile | 0.12 | [0.00 – 0.24] | 0.12 | [−0.00 – 0.24] | 0.12 | [0.00 – 0.24] | 0.12 | [−0.00 – 0.24] | 0.12 | [−0.00 – 0.24] |
| 4th quintile | 0.26 | [0.12 – 0.40] | 0.26 | [0.12 – 0.40] | 0.26 | [0.12 – 0.40] | 0.26 | [0.12 – 0.40] | 0.26 | [0.12 – 0.40] |
| Richest | 0.47 | [0.32 – 0.63] | 0.47 | [0.32 – 0.63] | 0.47 | [0.32 – 0.63] | 0.47 | [0.32 – 0.63] | 0.47 | [0.32 – 0.63] |
| Constant | 1.32 | [−0.20 – 2.84] | 1.33 | [−0.19 – 2.85] | 1.51 | [−0.01 – 3.03] | 1.51 | [−0.01 – 3.04] | 1.50 | [−0.02 – 3.02] |
| Community fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||
| Number of persons | 11,295 | 11,295 | 11,295 | 11,295 | 11,295 | |||||
| Number of communities | 2,131 | 2,131 | 2,131 | 2,131 | 2,131 | |||||
| Log Likelihood | −17303 | −17295 | −17303 | −17300 | −17297 | |||||