Table III.
Outcome of distal tibia fracture treated with internal fixation (IF), Ilizarov external fixator (IEF) or external fixator (EF) (n=91)
| N (%) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open fracture (n=39) | Close fracture (n=52) | |||||||||||||||
| Extra-articular (n=35) | p-value | Intra-articular (n= 4) | p-value | Extra-articular (n=33) | p-value | Intra-articular (n=19) | p-value | |||||||||
| IF (n=2) |
IEF (n=14) |
EF (n=19) |
IF (n=1) |
IEF (n=1) |
EF (n=2) |
IF (n=23) |
IEF (n=7) |
EF (n=3) |
IF (n=12) |
IEF (n=5) |
EF (n=2) |
|||||
| Infection | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 0 | 7 (53.8) | 9 (64.3) | 0.234 | 0 | 1 (100) | 0 | 0.999 | 15 (68.2) | 6 (85.7) | 1 (50.0) | 0.451 | 7 (70.0) | 4 (80.0) | 2 (100) | 0.999 |
| Superficial | 0 | 4 (30.8) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (100) | 0 | 1 (100) | 2 (9.1) | 0 | 1 (50.0) | 3 (30.0) | 1 (20.0) | 0 | ||||
| Deep | 1 (100) | 2 (15.4) | 4 (28.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 (22.7) | 1 (14.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Malignment | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 2 (100) | 10 (71.4) | 8 (44.4) | 0.17 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (50.0) | 0.999 | 23 (100) | 5 (71.4) | 1 (33.3) | 0.003 | 11 (100) | 5 (100) | 0 | 0.007 |
| Yes | 0 | 4 (28.6) | 10 (55.6) | 0 | 0 | 1 (50.0) | 0 | 2 (28.6) | 2 (66.7) | 0 | 0 | 2 (100) | ||||
| Union | ||||||||||||||||
| United | 1 (100) | 6 (54.5) | 6 (50.0) | 0.999 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 | 0.999 | 15 (71.4) | 3 (42.9) | 1 (50.0) | 0.158 | 8 (80.0) | 4 (80.0) | 1 (50.0) | 0.811 |
| Delayed | 0 | 3 (27.3) | 3 (25.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 (23.8) | 2 (28.6) | 0 | 1 (10.0) | 1 (20.0) | 1 (50.0) | ||||
| Non-union | 0 | 2 (18.2) | 3 (25.0) | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) | 1 (4.8) | 2 (28.6) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (10.0) | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Articular | ||||||||||||||||
| Incongruency | ||||||||||||||||
| No | NA | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (50.0) | 0.999 | NA | 10 (90.9) | 1 (25.0) | 2 (100) | 0.043 | ||||||
| Yes | 0 | 0 | 1 (50.0) | 1 (9.1) | 3 (75.0) | 0 | ||||||||||
| Ankle Arthritis | ||||||||||||||||
| No | 0 | 7 (77.8) | 6 (54.5) | 0.472 | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0.999 | 19 (90.5) | 5 (71.4) | 1 (50.0) | 0.118 | 8 (80.0) | 1 (20.0) | 1 (50.0) | 0.115 |
| mild | 0 | 2 (22.2) | 1 (9.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (9.5) | 1 (14.3) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (10.0) | 1 (20.0) | 1 (50.0) | ||||
| severe | 1 (100) | 1 (11.1) | 4 (36.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (14.3) | 0 | 1 (10.0) | 3 (60.0) | 0 | ||||