Fig 2. Androgen deprivation-induced immune infiltration in LXR-null prostates is composed of a majority of F4/80⁺ macrophages.

(A) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of prostates from 1-month Cx or Sh male CW and LXR DKO mice. Arrowheads indicate immune cells infiltration. (B) Immunohistological staining of the pan-leucocytes marker CD45 in 1-month Cx or Sh CW and LXR DKO prostates. (C) Flow cytometry analysis of CD45+ leucocytes representation in whole prostates. (D) Gene ontology analysis of RNA sequencing reveals enrichment in regulation of leukocyte migration gene set, after 1 month of castration in LXR DKO mice. (E) Castration of LXR DKO mice induces a marked increase in infiltration of T4 lymphocytes, B cells, MPs, and MOs in comparison to CW mice. CD45⁺ immune cells were defined as: CD4+ T4 lymphocytes, CD19+ B cells, CD11b⁺ Ly6C⁻ Ly6G⁻ F4/80⁺ SCC^low MOs, CD11b⁺ Ly6C⁻ Ly6G⁻ F4/80⁻ and CD11b⁻ CD11c⁻ F4/80⁺ other MPs, and CD11b⁺ Ly6C⁻ Ly6G⁺ neutro. (F and G) Immunohistological staining (F) and flow cytometry analysis (G) of F4/80⁺ MOs representation in 1-month Cx or Sh CW and LXR DKO prostates. Groups are composed of at least 4 animals. Bars represent mean ± SEM. Statistical analyses were performed via Mann–Whitney test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ns. Scale bars, 100 μm; insets, 20 μm. For numerical raw data, please see S1 Data. For supporting dataset, please see S2–S4 Datas. For flow cytometry raw data, please see S1 FlowCytometry RawDataFCS. Cx, castrated; CW, control wild-type; LXR, liver X receptor; LXR DKO, LXR alpha and beta double knock-out; MOs, macrophages; MPs, mononuclear phagocytes; neutro, neutrophils; ns, nonsignificant; Sh, sham-operated.