TABLE 2.
Median daily intake of foods and nutrients by the study population
| 1–7 y median (IQR) | 8–12 years median (IQR) | 13–17 years median (IQR) | WRA (NPNL) 15–49 years median (IQR) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food groups | |||||
| Cereals & millets (g) | 165.94a (125, 227.88) | 412.70b (201.92, 500) | 520c (504.24, 788.46) | 580c (504.24, 788.46) | <0.001 |
| Pulses & legumes (g) | 26.92a (16.36, 42.07) | 52.50b (32.95, 67.45) | 40.38b (26.67, 84.13) | 63.64b (26.67, 84.25) | <0.001 |
| Green leafy vegetables (g) | 50.02a (29.62, 76.73) | 90.80b (76.13, 126.22) | 165c (106, 226) | 166.49c (116.18, 254.88) | <0.001 |
| Other vegetables (g) | 41.18a (26.92, 58.56) | 61.35b (46.25, 94.59) | 80.02c (76.58, 166.49) | 85.82c (56.76, 151.35) | <0.001 |
| Roots & tubers (g) | 44.02a (13.72, 70.19) | 55.72b (40.99, 97.80) | 105c (70.67, 138.72) | 110.95 (76.83, 145.98) | <0.001 |
| Nuts & oilseeds (g) | 7.21a (6.31, 8.11) | 2b (2, 2) | 16ab (1.64, 30) | 20c (4.15, 20) | 0.042 |
| Spices & Condiments (g) | 3.37a (1.35, 7.03) | 9.19b (4.87, 13.93) | 13.99c (8, 17.11) | 14.23c (10.18, 18.39) | <0.001 |
| Fruits (g) | 10.98a (4.27, 28.38) | 31.05b (5.49, 64.29) | 42.42b (7.66, 60.65) | 25.93b (17.50, 35.17) | 0.016 |
| Fish & other sea foods (g) | 34.23a (12.99, 38.08) | 40.95a (9.13, 53.54) | 27.51a (16.97, 57.36) | 33.37a (21.88, 51.91) | 0.164 |
| Meat & poultry (g) | 40a (40, 40) | 40ab (40, 92.4) | 50b (40, 95) | 52.40b (30.23, 75.40) | 0.007 |
| Milk & milk products (g) | 125a (60, 125) | 170b (170, 170) | 125b (125, 125) | 125b (112.98, 125) | 0.004 |
| Fats & oils (g) | 4.04a (2.63, 7.50) | 7.62b (3.29, 9.17) | 7.64b (7.05, 11.38) | 7.43b (5.19, 11.12) | <0.001 |
| Sugars (g) | 4.76a (3.17, 5) | 5.19b (4.15, 6.22) | 4.76b (4.76, 7.13) | 4.90b (4.76, 7.13) | 0.005 |
| Nutrients | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 130 | 82 | 98 | 259 | |
| Protein (g) | 29.64a (22.07, 38.67) | 58.80b (41.79, 63.01) | 73.94c (62.16, 98.16) | 76.44c (65.49, 99.85) | <0.001 |
| Total fat (g) | 10.08a (6.44, 15.24) | 13.01b (7.35, 17.12) | 13.07b (6.57, 17.95) | 13.51c (9.71, 17.98) | 0.005 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 158a (113, 201) | 362b (196, 436) | 463c (419, 682) | 478c (435, 685) | <0.001 |
| Dietary fibre (g) | 12.27a (8.91, 16.14) | 25.06 b (18.09, 28.52) | 36.71c (29.66, 45.42) | 35.95c (30.90, 47.60) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 0.37a (0.24, 0.45) | 0.72b (0.54, 0.87) | 0.97c (0.87, 1.26) | 1.01c (0.85, 1.35) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg) | 0.48a (0.35, 0.66) | 0.90b (0.67, 1.21) | 1.36c (1.08, 1.64) | 1.39c (1.08, 1.67) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B3 (mg) | 5.06a (3.31, 6.21) | 9.75b (7.45, 12.17) | 12.94c (11.74, 18.41) | 13.96c (12.12, 18.68) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 24.9a (15.58, 42.73) | 42.24b (31.49, 53.77) | 65.55c (40.37, 101) | 68.99c (55.55, 93.34) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.52a (0.36, 0.65) | 0.99b (0.75, 1.26) | 1.53c (1.25, 1.75) | 1.53c (1.34, 1.97) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 0.63a (0.34, 1.53) | 1.26b (0.83, 2.81) | 2.73c (1.37, 6.71) | 2.63c (1.39, 7.46) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin A (μg) | 25.83a (9.33, 83.86) | 39.11b (23.20, 151) | 60.39c (41.51, 341) | 63.61c (30.75, 203) | <0.001 |
| Dietary folate (μg) | 127a (88.24, 194) | 276b (206, 316) | 465c (296, 656) | 418c (296, 525) | <0.001 |
| Iron (mg) | 6.84a (5.72, 10.94) | 14.22b (9.90, 19.67) | 22.77c (18.39, 29.24) | 22.83c (16.29, 31.06) | <0.001 |
| Zinc (mg) | 3.80a (2.86, 4.80) | 8.26b (5.25, 8.98) | 10.57c (9.49, 14.68) | 11.55c (9.69, 15.10) | <0.001 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 509a (346, 638) | 845b (519, 967) | 1028c (882,1,282) | 1119d (910, 1,402) | <0.001 |
| Calcium (mg) | 333a (267, 529) | 550b (348, 784) | 877c (609, 1,024) | 905c (728, 1,150) | <0.001 |
| Sodium (mg) | 188a (155, 271) | 402b (299, 465) | 584c (437, 762) | 648c (505, 788) | <0.001 |
Note. Interquartile range (IQR) (P25, P75), where P25 is the 25th percentile and P75 is the 75th percentile. Median values across the different groups were compared by Kruskal–Wallis test (p < 0.05), and the significance differences are indicated by different superscript letters.
Abbreviations: NPNL, nonpregnant nonlactating; WRA, women of reproductive age.