Table 2.
Social drinking norms and motives by drinking type (% of agreement).
| Abstainers (n = 589) % | Solitary (n = 486) % | Social (n = 1,940) % | XMH2 or F | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjective social norms of drinking | ||||
| It is acceptable to drink in a park or on a mountain after hiking. | 8.1 | 12.3 | 10.4 | 23.3*** |
| It is acceptable to drink during the day. | 25.1 | 37.0 | 31.5 | 63.9*** |
| It is acceptable to get drunk. | 25.0 | 42.6 | 37.9 | 85.4*** |
| It is acceptable for high school students to drink. | 3.7 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 13.1* |
| It is acceptable to drink alone. | 61.1 | 85.2 | 69.1 | 91.2*** |
| Wrongdoing (or crimes) committed while drunk can be forgiven. | 0.8 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 7.7 |
| It is discourteous to refuse a drink offered by someone else. | 5.8 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.6 |
| It is acceptable to drink in a convenience store. | 24.6 | 38.1 | 35.2 | 52.5*** |
| Mean (SD) | 2.33 (0.61) | 2.67 (0.49) | 2.56 (0.51) | F = 61.0*** |
| Personal motives | ||||
| I drink to feel good/happy. | 24.8 | 51.6 | 43.6 | 14.9*** |
| I drink because there are few things to enjoy except drinking. | 11.5 | 25.7 | 16.9 | 26.0*** |
| I drink because alcohol makes food taste better. | 16.3 | 39.3 | 28.0 | 31.9*** |
| I drink to overcome work and life stress. | 27.2 | 57.2 | 44.2 | 3.2 |
| When I cannot fall asleep easily, I drink because I want to fall asleep quickly. | 11.5 | 37.2 | 15.7 | 134.7*** |
| I drink when I want to get rid of my fears and be brave. | 15.6 | 25.3 | 19.7 | 11.9** |
| Mean (SD) | 2.32 (0.84) | 3.04 (0.03) | 2.71 (0.02) | F = 3.83*** |
| Social motives | ||||
| I drink with others to become friends quickly and to get along with them. | 34.3 | 57.2 | 57.3 | 2.1 |
| I drink to deal with difficult relationships. | 29.2 | 50.8 | 48.4 | 0.9 |
| I drink a lot because of work-related gatherings. | 19.7 | 21.0 | 23.6 | 3.2 |
| Mean (SD) | 2.6 (0.95) | 3.15 (0.03) | 3.12 (0.02) | F = 0.35 |
| Environmental simulation motives | ||||
| I drink to enjoy low-cost recreation because the price of alcohol is low. | 10.9 | 17.5 | 11.9 | 18.8*** |
| I drink because there are many stores where I can buy alcoholic beverages anytime. | 54.2 | 66.3 | 62.5 | 4.5 |
| I drink because there are many places to drink everywhere. | 20.0 | 31.3 | 25.1 | 8.8* |
| Mean (SD) | 2.64 (0.91) | 3.03 (0.03) | 2.87 (0.02) | F = 16.75*** |
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01,
***
p < 0.001.
XMH2 = Gender was controlled as a covariate.
Solitary and social drinkers are monthly drinkers.