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. 2020 Dec 18;22(12):e24268. doi: 10.2196/24268

Table 2.

Characteristics of users depending on their sleep complaints.

Characteristics

Values Group comparison P value
ISIa score ≤14 (individuals with subclinical insomnia, n=801) ISI score >14 (individuals with moderate to severe insomnia, n=773) t test (df) Chi-square (df)
Age, mean (SD) 44.1 (14.3)

42.0 (13.1) 3.03 (1576)b N/Ac .002
Age in years, n (%)



18-30 166 (20.7) 172 (22.3)



31-50 372 (46.3) 391 (50.6)



51-65 194 (24.2) 172 (22.3)



>65 69 (8.7) 38 (4.9)


Gender, n (%) N/A 31.91 (1) .001

Female 484 (60.4) 571 (73.9)



Male 317 (39.6) 202 (26.1)


Educational level, n (%)



N/A 12.14 (2) .007

Middle school 150 (18.6) 168 (21.7)



High school 139 (17.5) 170 (22.0)



University degree 512 (63.9) 435 (56.2)


Health care professionals, n (%) 53 (6.6) 36 (4.7) N/A 2.75 (1) .097
Confined due to COVID-19 lockdown, n (%) 586 (73.1) 614 (79.4) N/A 8.86 (1) .003
Clinical insomnia, ISI score, mean (SD) 10.02 (3.42)

18.2 (2.74)

52.12 (1572) N/A .001
Clinical insomnia subtype, n (%)





No clinically significant insomnia (ISI score ≤7) 180 (22.5) 0 (0)


Subthreshold (ISI score 8-14) 621 (77.5) 0 (0)


Moderate (ISI score 15-21) 0 (0) 672 (86.9)




Severe (ISI score ≥21) 0 (0) 101 (13.1)


CDS-5d, mean (SD) 4.53 (6.93) 6.45 (8.30) 3.41 (734) N/A .001
Daily number of cigarettes, mean (SD) 3.09 (6.40) 5.33 (8.68) 4.03 (734) N/A .001
CAGEe, mean (SD) 0.65 (0.97) 0.78 (1.12) 1.66 (734) N/A .097
Daily number of drinks, mean (SD) 1.34 (2.09) 1.66 (3.18) −1.62 (734) N/A .11

aISI: Insomnia Severity Index.

bItalicized values indicate they are statistically significant.

cN/A: not applicable.

dCDS-5: Cigarette Dependence Scale-5 items.

eCAGE: Cut-down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener questionnaire.