TABLE 2.
Characteristic | Group | Baseline | After Treatment | ||||
Mean±SD | P for AZM vs. Control | Mean±SD | Mean Change±SE | P vs. Baseline | P for AZM vs. Control | ||
SPEED score (0–28) | AZM | 12.8±3.8 | 0.31 | 5.8±3.0 | −7.0±1.1 | <0.001b | 0.018a |
Control | 11.5±2.5 | 8.1±2.5 | −3.4±0.3 | <0.001b | |||
LLT (nm) | AZM | 59.4±26.3 | 0.34 | 71.0±23.5 | 21.3±2.6 | 0.028a | 0.36 |
Control | 67.6±24.4 | 63.5±26.9 | 1.8±1.9 | 0.005a | |||
NIBUT (s) | AZM | 3.8±2.5 | 0.44 | 7.2±3.3 | 4.1±0.3 | <0.001b | 0.16 |
Control | 4.6±3.1 | 5.7±3.0 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.081 | |||
Lid plugging (0–3) | AZM | 1.4±0.7 | 0.32 | 0.2±0.4 | −1.7±0.1 | <0.001b | <0.001b |
Control | 1.7±0.7 | 1.0±0.6 | −0.5±0.1 | <0.001b | |||
Lid vascularity (0–3) | AZM | 1.9±0.9 | 0.56 | 0.4±0.5 | −1.3±0.1 | <0.001b | <0.001b |
Control | 2.1±0.6 | 2.1±0.7 | 0.0±0.0 | 1.0 | |||
Tear osmolarity (mOsm/L) | AZM | 331.1±17.4 | 0.21 | 309.1±18.8 | −0.1±0.0 | <0.001b | 0.014a |
Control | 320.7±25.4 | 326.4±15.4 | 0.0±0.0 | 0.76 | |||
TBUT (s) | AZM | 3.8±2.5 | 0.23 | 6.0±2.8 | 3.3±0.4 | 0.001a | 0.19 |
Control | 4.7±1.8 | 4.8±2.2 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.81 | |||
Fluo score (0–9) | AZM | 1.4±1.5 | 0.31 | 0.8±1.4 | −1.0±0.2 | 0.13 | 0.63 |
Control | 0.8±1.0 | 0.7±1.0 | 0.0±0.1 | 1.0 | |||
Meiboscore (0–6) | AZM | 3.2±1.8 | 0.10 | 3.1±1.8 | −0.3±0.1 | 1.0 | 0.10 |
Control | 4.2±1.5 | 4.1±1.4 | 0.0±0.0 | 0.50 | |||
Meibum grade (0–3) | AZM | 1.4±0.7 | 0.15 | 0.4±0.5 | −1.9±0.1 | <0.001b | <0.001b |
Control | 1.8±1.0 | 1.6±1.0 | −0.6±0.1 | 0.16 | |||
Schirmer test value (mm) | AZM | 6.5±7.6 | 0.22 | 6.3±6.4 | 0.3±0.8 | 0.99 | 0.30 |
Control | 12.4±11.7 | 10.6±10.3 | 1.4±0.5 | 0.076 |
P values were determined with the Mann–Whitney U test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
P<0.05.
P<0.001.
fluo score, corneal–conjunctival fluorescein staining score; LLT, lipid layer thickness; NIBUT, noninvasive break-up time of the tear film; SPEED, Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness; TBUT, fluorescein-based break-up time of the tear film.