Table 1.

Amino acid digestibility of various protein sources in recent studies using different models and methodologies

Protein source	Parameter	Bioavailability (%)	Model	Methoda	Reference
WheyZein	Mean AAProteinMean AAProtein	92 ± 691 ± 663 ± 1360 ± 13	Humans	Nasoileal tube/protein-free group	Calvez et al.[8▪]
Chickpea	Mean IAA	74.5 ± 0.8	Humans	Dual isotope method/repeated meals	Kashyap et al.[16]
Mungo beans	Mean IAA	63 ± 1.5
Yellow pea	Mean IAA	71.5 ± 1.5
Egg	Mean IAA	89.5 ± 4.5	Humans	Dual isotope method/repeated meals	Kashyap et al.[17]
Meat	Mean IAA	92 ± 3
Chickpea	Methionine	63	Humans	IAAO	Rafii et al.[11▪]
Rice	Methionine	100
Corn meal	Tryptophan	80	Humans	IAAO	Rafii et al.[19]
	Lys	71
Meat	Mean AA	96.5 (grilled) to 98.5 (boiled)	Pigs	Single ileal sample/repeated meals/endogenous losses from the literature	Hodgkinson et al.[21]
Pork products	Mean AA	95 (Noncured ham) to 100 (raw belly) ± 2.5	Pigs	Ileal cannula/protein-free diet	Bailey et al.[23▪]
Pistachio	Mean AA	85 (Roasted) to 95 (raw) ± 7	Pigs	Ileal cannula/protein-free diet	Bailey and Stein [24]
Sunflower isolateGoat whey	Mean AA	96 ± 0.597.5 ± 0.5	Rats	Postprandial caecal-faecal losses/intrinsic 15N labelling	Tessier et al.[14▪]
Pea isolateGluten	Mean AA	94.5 ± 494.5 ± 3.5	Rats	Postprandial caecal-faecal losses/protein-free group	Guillin et al.[15]
Spirulina whole cells	Mean AA	83.5 ± 4.5	Rats	Postprandial caecal-faecal losses/intrinsic 15N labelling	Tessier et al.[20]
Brown rice	Mean AA	85 ± 2.3	Rats	Single ileal sample/repeated meals/endogenous losses from the literature	Han et al.[13▪]
Polished rice		77 ± 8.5
Buckwheat		88 ± 6
Whole wheat		93 ± 2

Bioavailability values are presented as mean ± SD. AA, amino acid; IAA, indispensable amino acid; IAAO, indicator amino acid oxidation.

^aType of method, sample collection, specific feeding procedure, procedure to determine true digestibility (assessment of endogenous intestinal losses) or real digestibility (stable isotopes to trace dietary protein).