Table 2. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses for prediction of pathologically damaged sperm DNA in 122 patients.
| Parameter | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | Rank | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age (y) | 1.09 (1.02–1.17) | 0.017 | 7 | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 0.133 |
| Sperm concentration (×106/mL) | 0.99 (0.98–0.997) | 0.01 | 6 | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.113 |
| Total sperm number (×106/ejaculate) | 1.00 (0.997–1.001) | 0.367 | |||
| Progressive motility (%) | 0.91 (0.87–0.94) | <0.001 | 2 | 1.03 (0.90–1.18) | 0.68 |
| Normal morphology (%) | 0.88 (0.80–0.96) | 0.005 | 4 | 1.12 (0.95–1.31) | 0.178 |
| Vitality (%) | 0.89 (0.85–0.93) | <0.001 | - | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) | <0.001 |
| VCL (μm/s) | 0.93 (0.89–0.97) | <0.001 | 5 | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) | 0.231 |
| VSL (μm/s) | 0.92 (0.87–0.96) | 0.001 | 1 | 0.99 (0.61–1.62) | 0.974 |
| VAP (μm/s) | 0.90 (0.85–0.96) | 0.001 | 3 | 1.18 (0.88–1.59) | 0.269 |
| ALH (µm) | 0.66 (0.42–1.05) | 0.078 | |||
| LIN (%) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 0.125 | |||
| STR (%) | 0.96 (0.92–0.99) | 0.048 | - | 1.08 (1.01–1.17) | 0.042 |
| BCF (Hz) | 0.90 (0.83–0.98) | 0.018 | - | 0.86 (0.75–0.99) | 0.038 |
| PPMS (%) | 0.87 (0.82–0.93) | <0.001 | - | 0.89 (0.81–0.98) | 0.014 |
Statistically significant parameters from the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate analysis. A backward selection approach was used for the multivariate analysis, and the column “rank” indicates the rank at the time of removal (i.e., rank 1=first variable removed from the model).
OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, VCL: curvilinear velocity, VSL: straight-line velocity, VAP: average path velocity, ALH: amplitude of lateral head displacement, LIN: linearity, STR: straightness, BCF: beat-cross frequency, PPMS: percentage of progressive motile sperm cells (VAP>25 µm/s and STR>80%).