Table 2.
Overview of previously reported tissue culture and stable transformation work in Cannabis sativa.
| Explant | Variety | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Seedlings | Unknown | Veliky and Genest, 1972 |
| Root, hypocotyl, leaves, male, and female floral parts | Unknown | Itokawa et al., 1975 |
| Leaves, bracts, anthers, and maturing leaves | Mexican drug-type (152) and Turkish fiber-type (150) | Hemphill et al., 1978 |
| Epicotyls | C. sativa var. indica | Heitrich and Binder, 1982 |
| Embryo, leaf, and stem | Unknown | Loh et al., 1983 |
| Seedlings | Unknown | Hartsel et al., 1983 |
| Stem, cotyledon, and root | Unknown | Fisse and Andres, 1985 |
| Leaf | THC dominant strain from South Africa | Braemer and Paris, 1987 |
| Leaf | Carmagnola, Fibranova, Uniko, and Kompolti | Mandolino and Ranalli, 1999 |
| Seedlings | Fedora 19 and Felina 34 | Mackinnon et al., 2000 |
| Stem and leaves | Anka, Uniko-B, Felina-34, and Kompolti | Feeney and Punja, 2003 |
| Internodes, axillary buds, and petioles | Silesia, Fibrimon-24, Novosadska, Juso-15, and Fedrina-74 | Slusarkiewicz-Jarzina et al., 2005 |
| Roots, leaves, and stem | Beniko, Bialobrzeskie, and Silesia | Plawuszewski et al., 2006 |
| Leaves, flowers, and 4 days old seedlings | Four-Way | Raharjo et al., 2010 |
| Cotyledon, stem, and root | Bialobrzeskie, Beniko, and Silesia | Wielgus et al., 2008 |
| Nodal segments containing axillary buds | MX-1 | Lata et al., 2009a |
| Nodal segments with axillary buds | MX-1 | Lata et al., 2009b |
| Shoot tips | Changtu | Wang et al., 2009 |
| Leaf | Skunk | Flores-Sanchez et al., 2009 |
| Leaf | MX-1 | Lata et al., 2010 |
| Nodal segments with an axillary bud | MX-1 | Lata et al., 2012 |
| Hypocotyl | Futura77, Delta-llosa, Delta405, CAN0111, and CAN0221 | Wahby et al., 2013 |
| Cotyledon and Epicotyl | Iranian Cannabis | Movahedi et al., 2015 |
| Internodes | Long-ma No.1 | Jiang et al., 2015 |
| Stem and leaves | Anka | Feeney and Punja, 2015 |
| Leaf and hypocotyl | Iranian Cannabis | Movahedi et al., 2016a |
| Leaf and hypocotyl | Iranian Cannabis | Movahedi et al., 2016b |
| Cotyledons | Dioecious hemp from Changsha, China | Chaohua et al., 2016 |
| Nodal segments with axillary buds | MX-1 | Lata et al., 2016a |
| Nodal segments | MX-1 | Lata et al., 2016b |
| Hypocotyl, cotyledons, and leaves | Futura77, Delta-llosa, and Delta405 | Wahby et al., 2017 |
| Leaf | Canda, Joey, Landrace, Futura, and CFX-2 (Cherry × Workhorse) | Thacker et al., 2018 |
| Seedlings | Futura | Gabotti et al., 2019 |
| Hypocotyl segments | Bialobriezskie, Tygra, Fibrol, Monoica, and USO-31 | Smýkalová et al., 2019 |
| Hypocotyl | Ferimon, Felina32, Fedora17, USO31, and Finola | Galán-Ávila et al., 2020 |
| Seedlings | BA-1, BA-2, BA-41, BA-49, BA-61, and BA-71 | Page et al., 2020 |
| Leaf | GRC, RTG, U22, U31, U37, U38, U42, U61, U82, and U91 | Monthony et al., 2020 |
| Nodal and tip cuttings | Epsilon 68 | Wróbel et al., 2020 |