Table 2.

Changes in the use of lymphocyte-depleting agents and maintenance steroids during the COVID-19 pandemic

Agent	Crude percentage (Unadjusted)		Odds ratio (pandemic era vs. prepandemic era; adjusted as below)
	Prepandemic	Pandemic	Model 1 (unadjusted)	Model 2 (+ patient factors)	Model 3 (+ center-level variation)	Model 4 (sensitivity analysis)
Lymphocyte-depleting agents	73.2%	67.8%	0.720.770.82	0.650.700.74	0.400.530.69	0.400.520.69
Maintenance steroids	69.1%	69.3%	0.951.011.08	0.850.900.97	0.901.362.07	0.911.462.35

Model 1 was unadjusted. Model 2 included various recipient factors (age, race, sex, previous history of transplant, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, primary cause of end-stage renal disease, time on dialysis, serum albumin, previous history of malignancy, previous history of peripheral vascular diseases, primary insurance, hepatitis C virus, and cytomegalovirus), donor factors (deceased vs. living, age, race, sex, body mass index, serum creatinine, hepatitis C virus, cytomegalovirus; for deceased donors – donation after circulatory death, diabetes, hypertension, stroke as the cause of donor death, pulsatile perfusion, and cold ischemic time; and for living donors – biologically related donor), and HLA-A/B/DR matching. Model 3 (main analysis) also adjusted for center-level variation by including random intercepts and random slopes. Model 4 was a sensitivity analysis restricted to 172 (72.3%) transplant centers that performed more than 3 recipients during the pandemic era.