. 2020 Dec 8;7:592112. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.592112

Table 3.

Reported changes (%) in general dietary habits and physical activity level during lockdown, at an overall level as well as by gender and adherence to MedDiet, with associated χ² p values.

		All	Gender^a				MEDAS group
			Male	Female	Cramer's V	p	Low	Medium	High	Cramer's V	p
Olive oil	Lower	5.7	5.2	5.9	0.02	0.680	5.4	6.3	3.6	0.08	<0.001
	As before	88.8	89.7	88.5			91.0	87.1	83.4
	Higher	5.5	5.1	5.7			3.6	6.6	13.0
Vegetables	Lower	19.5	12.4	22.4	0.11	<0.001	21.4	18.4	16.3	0.07	<0.001
	As before	69.2	76.4	66.3			69.9	67.6	69.7
	Higher	11.3	11.2	11.3			8.6	14.0	14.0
Fruit	Lower	24.9	21.0	26.5	0.08	<0.001	27.0	23.6	17.2	0.05	0.022
	As before	64.0	70.2	61.5			62.9	64.7	68.0
	Higher	11.1	8.8	12.0			10.1	11.7	14.8
Red meat	Lower	12.3	9.9	13.2	0.05	0.071	10.2	14.1	16.0	0.07	<0.001
	As before	76.2	78.7	75.3			75.5	76.7	78.7
	Higher	11.5	11.4	11.5			14.2	9.2	5.3
Carb beverages	Lower	5.6	6.9	4.9	0.05	0.028	5.0	6.3	5.3	0.10	<0.001
	As before	73.0	74.3	72.6			68.2	76.8	85.8
	Higher	21.4	18.8	22.5			26.9	16.9	8.9
Legumes	Lower	8.6	5.2	9.9	0.08	<0.001	9.2	8.4	4.7	0.06	0.001
	As before	84.4	88.6	82.7			85.5	83.1	83.4
	Higher	7.1	6.2	7.3			5.3	8.4	11.8
Fish	Lower	8.4	6.6	9.1	0.07	0.003	7.8	9.5	6.5	0.06	0.002
	As before	75.8	80.5	73.9			78.7	73.2	70.4
	Higher	15.8	12.9	17.0			13.4	17.4	23.1
Pastries (commercial)	Lower	18.4	15.5	19.5	0.07	0.001	16.2	20.5	20.7	0.10	<0.001
	As before	60.6	66.1	58.3			57.1	63.7	66.9
	Higher	21.1	18.4	22.2			26.6	15.8	12.4
Pastries (homemade)	Lower	8.1	6.9	8.6	0.13	<0.001	7.3	8.4	12.4	0.05	0.007
	As before	53.8	64.0	49.6			51.8	55.5	58.0
	Higher	38.1	29.1	41.8			40.9	36.0	29.6
Fried foods	Lower	17.7	16.5	18.2	0.03	0.291	17.7	18.2	14.8	0.04	0.104
	As before	78.2	78.5	78.1			77.4	78.1	84.0
	Higher	4.1	4.9	3.8			4.9	3.6	1.2
Alcohol	Lower	14.1	13.4	14.3	0.05	0.037	13.0	15.1	16.0	0.03	0.178
	As before	55.6	59.5	53.9			57.6	52.9	56.8
	Higher	30.3	27.1	31.7			29.4	32.0	27.2
Fast food	Lower	25.4	25.6	25.3	0.01	0.773	24.8	25.9	26.6	0.08	<0.001
	As before	59.5	58.6	59.9			56.4	62.1	66.9
	Higher	15.1	15.8	14.8			18.8	12.0	6.5

The four respondents who did not identify as either male or female (cf. Table 1) are not included in this analysis.

Differences between gender and MEDAS groups were assessed by Pearson's χ² test. Associated effect sizes (Cramer's V) and p-values are reported. Significant p-values (<0.05) are italicized.