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. 2020 Dec 21;10:22356. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79140-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The spatiotemporal clusters for the analysis of the phonetic MMR was similar at 6 and 12 months of age. By applying the cluster-based permutation technique we identified where (i.e. the electrodes) and when (i.e. the time window) the brain response to the syllable 4 differed between the phonetic and standard trials, computed across all infants, regardless of the group (hRSV and control) and type of phonetic contrast (native and nonnative), at 6 and 12 months of age. The t-maps plotted in (a) and (d) show the group of the frontal electrodes where the standard and phonetic trials differed at syllable 4, at 6 and 12 months of age, respectively, and in (b) and (e) we depict the t-values indicating the time windows when those differences remained significant, at p < 0.05, FDR corrected. In (c) and (f) we plot the time course of the grand average of the voltage amplitude for the entire standard and phonetic trials, computed over the spatiotemporal cluster corresponding to age. The soundwave images indicate the occurrence of each one of the 4 syllables of the trials. The green rectangle highlights the time window when the brain response to the standard and phonetic trials differed.