Figure 2.

Scheme of representative materials engineering to modulate mechanoadaptation. Manipulation of matrix rigidity, morphological confinement, and topographical guidance have been applied to regulate mechanoresponse at cell-material interface. To study the effect of rigidity on cellular behaviors, various ECM stiffness levels relevant to in vivo tissue stiffness are applied. By controlling the cell morphology cell spreading dynamics and the reorganization of intracellular organelles are explored. Topographical manipulation of the cell-materials interface guides cell alignment, adhesion, and migration. These approaches induce distinct cellular behaviors including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation.