Table 3:
Validated screening tools for substance use among pregnant women
| Tool | Questions | Test Performance | Additional consideration |
|---|---|---|---|
| NIDA Quick Screen/ASSIST5 | In the past year, how often have you used the following? a. Five or more alcohol drinks in a day for men or 4 or more alcohol drinks in a day for women b. Tobacco products c. Prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons d. Illegal drugs 1. In your lifetime, which of the following substances have you used? (response options of yes or no) 2. In the past 3 months, how often have you used the substances you mentioned? (response options of never, once or twice, monthly, weekly, and daily or almost daily for items 2–5) 3. In the past 3 mo, how often have you had a strong desire or urge to use (each substance)? 4. (During the past 3 mo, how often has your use of (each substance) led to health, social legal or financial problems? 5. During the past 3 mo, how often have you failed to do what was normally expected of you because of your use of (each substance)? 6. Has a friend or relative or anyone else ever expressed concern about your use of (each substance)? 7. Have you ever tried to control, cut down o stop using (each substance)? 8. Have you ever used any drug by injection |
Accuracy 0.87 (0.85–0.89)1 | Requires two step process Discriminates between casual use, dependence and potential substance use disorder |
| 4P’s Plus/5 P’s6,7 | 1. Parents: Did either of your parents ever have problems with drugs or alcohol? 2. Peers Do any of your friends have problems with alcohol or drug use? 3. Partner Does your partner have a problem with alcohol or drugs? 4. Past Before you were pregnant did you have problems with alcohol or drug use? 5. In the month before you knew you were Pregnancy, how many beers/how much wine/how much liquor did you drink? |
Accuracy 0.44 (0.41–0.47)1 | Requires permission to use |
| CRAFFT3 | During the PAST 12 MONTHS, did you: 1. Drink any alcohol (more than a few sips)? 2. Smoke any marijuana or hashish? 3. Use anything else to get high? (“anything else” includes illegal drugs, over the counter and prescription drugs, and things that you sniff or “huff”) |
Accuracy 0.70 (0.69–0.73) 1 | Validated for women ages 15–24 |
| SURP-P4 | 1. Have you ever used marijuana? 2. How many alcoholic drinks have you consumed in the month before knowing you were pregnant? 3. Do you feel the need to cut down on your alcohol or drug use? |
Accuracy 0.63 (0.61–0.66)1 | Specifically for pregnant women |
| WIDUS1 | 10. I am currently married 20. In the past year, I have been bothered by pain in my teeth or mouth 30. I have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in my entire life 40. Most of my friends smoke cigarettes 50. There have been times in my life, for at least 2 weeks straight, where I felt like everything was an effort 60. I get mad easily and feel a need to blow off some steam |
Accuracy 0.75 (0.72–0.78) 1 | Specifically for perinatal women |
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