FIGURE 1.

Intraluminal vesicle (ILV) are formed through invagination of the endosome. ILV containing endosome changes into multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which are also called late endosomes, through Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway and Vps4. MVBs participate degradation through ISGylation-mediated fusion with lysosomes. MVBs fuse with the plasma membrane through Rab-GTPase and SNARES to form exosomes and release them into the extracellular space, attaining communication between cells. Melanosomes and exosomes exhibit ESCRT-independent ILV formation that is dependent on selforganizing lipid and cargo domains.