Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes for patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 by age
| Total 340 (100) | 18–49 years 52 (15.3) | 50–59 years 65 (19.2) | 60–69 years 71 (20.9) | 70–79 years 93 (27.1) | >80 years 59 (17.4) | P‐value † | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (±SD) | 65.5 (15.0) | 40.1 (7.0) | 55.1 (3.0) | 65.4 (3.0) | 74.7 (2.9) | 85.1 (4.2) | |
| Male, n (%) | 193 (56.6) | 27 (51.9) | 34 (52.3) | 37 (52.1) | 59 (63.4) | 36 (61.0) | 0.438 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||
| Hypertension | 162 (47.8) | 3 (5.8) | 20 (31.3) | 31 (46.5) | 62 (66.7) | 44 (74.6) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 59 (17.4) | 4 (7.7) | 9 (13.8) | 12 (16.9) | 21 (22.8) | 13 (22.0) | 0.149 |
| Obesity | 84 (27.5) | 17 (35.4) | 9 (15.5) | 19 (29.7) | 24 (28.6) | 15 (29.4) | 0.201 |
| Smoking history | 122 (36.4) | 11(21.2) | 22 (33.9) | 22(30.9) | 42 (46.2) | 25 (43.9) | 0.023 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 13 (3.8) | 0(0) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.4) | 2 (2.2) | 9 (15.5) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 13 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.8) | 3 (3.3) | 8 (13.6) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 14 (4.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 11 (12.0) | 2 (5.1) | <0.001 |
| Dementia | 15 (4.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 4 (4.3) | 11 (16.9) | <0.001 |
| Age‐adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index >4, n (%) | 66 (19.8) | 2 (3.9) | 0 (0) | 6 (8.6) | 19 (21.1) | 39 (68.4) | <0.001 |
| Moderate or severe dependency, n (%) | 25 (39.1) | 1(1.9) | 2 (3.1) | 1 (1.4) | 4 (4.3) | 17 (28.8) | <0.001 |
| Symptoms, n (%) | |||||||
| Mean symptoms onset to admission, days (SD) | 7.81 (5.8) | 7.1 (5.3) | 8.5 (3.8) | 8.1 (5.0) | 7.4 (5.7) | 8.0 (7.3) | 0.681 |
| Temperature >38°C | 205 (60.3) | 42 (80.8) | 417 (63.1) | 44 (62.0) | 55 (54.1) | 23 (39.0) | <0.001 |
| Dry cough | 215 (63.2) | 39 (7.5) | 48 (73.8) | 42 (59.2) | 54 (58.1) | 32 (54.2) | 0.087 |
| Myalgia | 113 (33.2) | 26 (50.0) | 29 (44.6) | 22 (31.0) | 25 (26.9) | 11 (18.6) | 0.001 |
| Fatigue | 146 (42.9) | 19 (36.5) | 31 (47.7) | 28 (39.4) | 42 (45.2) | 26 (44.1) | 0.728 |
| Anorexia | 52 (15.3) | 4 (7.8) | 13 (20.0) | 7 (9.9) | 16 (17.2) | 12 (20.3) | 0.176 |
| Shortness of breath | 195 (57.4) | 31 (54.6) | 38 (58.5) | 39 (54.9) | 50 (53.8) | 37 (62.7) | 0.828 |
| Hyposmia | 31 (9.1) | 8 (15.4) | 11 (16.9) | 8 (11.3) | 4 (4.3) | 0 (0) | 0.003 |
| Diarrhea | 78 (23) | 13 (25.0) | 20 (30.8) | 22 (31.0) | 18 (19.6) | 5 (8.5) | 0.014 |
| Nausea | 39 (11.5) | 4 (7.8) | 5 (7.7) | 10 (14.1) | 16 (17.4) | 4 (6.8) | 0.167 |
| Confusion | 59 (17.4) | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | 11 (12.0) | 19 (32.2) | <0.001 |
| Vital signs, n (%) | |||||||
| Respiratory rate >24 breaths/min | 118 (36.1) | 14 (28.0) | 10 (16.1) | 17 (24.39) | 38 (42.7) | 39 (69.6) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate ≥100 b.p.m. | 73 (24.2) | 20 (38.5) | 14 (21.5) | 12 (17.1) | 14 (15.1) | 13 (22.0) | 0.018 |
| SBP <90 mmHg | 0(0) | 1 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.3) | 1 (1.7) | 4 (1.2) | 0.652 |
| SpO2 ≤93% on room air | 133 (39.1) | 10 (19.2) | 17 (26.2) | 30 (42.3) | 44 (47.3) | 32 (54.2) | <0.001 |
| Clinical outcomes, n (%) | |||||||
| ARDS | 142 (42.1) | 17 (32.7) | 17(26.2) | 28 (40.0) | 44 (47.8) | 36 (62.1) | 0.001 |
| ICU | 50 (14.7) | 6 (11.5) | 8 (12.3) | 17 (23.9) | 19 (20.4) | 0 (0) | 0.001 |
| IMV | 39 (11.2) | 3 (5.9) | 4 (6.2) | 13 (18.6) | 18 (19.4) | 0 (0) | 0.001 |
| Death | 53 (16.2) | 2 (3.8) | 2 (3.1) | 8 (11.6) | 15 (17.6) | 26 (45.6) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%).
†
Differences between older adults and younger adults groups examined using the Fisher's exact test for categorical data, and an unpaired t‐test used for the comparison of means.
ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; SpO2, oxygen saturation.