Table 3.
Determinants of urban agriculture participation before and during COVID‐19
| Detroit 2017 | Detroit 2020 | Phoenix 2017 | Phoenix 2020 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grow at… | Coefficient | Standard error | Coefficient | Standard error | Coefficient | Standard error | Coefficient | Standard error |
| Community Garden | ||||||||
| Female | −0.414*** | 0.143 | −0.521*** | 0.199 | −0.112 | 0.146 | −0.651*** | 0.209 |
| Household with children | 0.236 | 0.184 | −0.218 | 0.260 | 0.112 | 0.186 | 0.559** | 0.244 |
| Age | −0.013** | 0.006 | −0.043*** | 0.008 | −0.028*** | 0.006 | −0.024*** | 0.008 |
| Household Size | 0.100 | 0.063 | −0.021 | 0.077 | 0.039 | 0.036 | 0.010 | 0.079 |
| Education | −0.099* | 0.055 | 0.070 | 0.070 | 0.076 | 0.052 | 0.085 | 0.081 |
| Income | −0.046* | 0.025 | −0.016 | 0.032 | −0.023 | 0.027 | −0.086** | 0.034 |
| Employed full time | 0.126 | 0.170 | 0.132 | 0.230 | 0.283 | 0.196 | 0.497* | 0.281 |
| Unemployed, looking for work | −0.399 | 0.308 | −0.429 | 0.512 | −0.152 | 0.275 | −0.381 | 0.487 |
| Retired | −0.026 | 0.254 | −0.027 | 0.342 | 0.410 | 0.311 | 0.348 | 0.421 |
| Student | 0.061 | 0.296 | −0.966** | 0.470 | −0.517* | 0.304 | 0.542 | 0.524 |
| White | −0.372* | 0.222 | 0.157 | 0.463 | −0.377 | 0.231 | 0.009 | 0.312 |
| Black or African American | −0.086 | 0.257 | 0.585 | 0.469 | −0.009 | 0.381 | 0.413 | 0.484 |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 0.452 | 0.720 | 0.448 | 0.537 | 0.355 | 0.450 | 1.225 | 0.757 |
| Constant | 0.914** | 0.431 | 1.010* | 0.579 | 0.365 | 0.421 | 0.111 | 0.573 |
| Home | ||||||||
| Female | −0.079 | 0.137 | −0.221 | 0.158 | −0.262** | 0.132 | −0.232 | 0.169 |
| Household with children | 0.179 | 0.191 | 0.736*** | 0.242 | 0.281 | 0.183 | 0.283 | 0.235 |
| Age | −0.003 | 0.006 | −0.016** | 0.007 | −0.005 | 0.006 | −0.020*** | 0.007 |
| Household Size | 0.150** | 0.066 | −0.119* | 0.064 | 0.034 | 0.046 | 0.017 | 0.076 |
| Education | −0.058 | 0.053 | 0.039 | 0.060 | 0.042 | 0.050 | 0.221*** | 0.063 |
| Income | −0.010 | 0.025 | −0.001 | 0.025 | 0.049** | 0.025 | −0.023 | 0.025 |
| Employed full time | 0.177 | 0.173 | −0.010 | 0.202 | 0.078 | 0.171 | −0.125 | 0.221 |
| Unemployed, looking for work | −0.477* | 0.288 | −0.454 | 0.435 | −0.373 | 0.247 | −0.327 | 0.369 |
| Retired | 0.102 | 0.233 | −0.039 | 0.252 | 0.084 | 0.229 | 0.072 | 0.273 |
| Student | 0.417 | 0.314 | −0.144 | 0.384 | −0.169 | 0.280 | 0.990** | 0.472 |
| White | −0.084 | 0.234 | −0.483 | 0.439 | −0.173 | 0.222 | 0.523* | 0.296 |
| Black or African American | −0.400 | 0.267 | −0.598 | 0.448 | −0.222 | 0.372 | 1.205*** | 0.445 |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | −0.333 | 0.747 | −0.674 | 0.489 | 0.257 | 0.448 | 2.333*** | 0.597 |
| Constant | 0.505 | 0.436 | 1.723*** | 0.527 | 0.076 | 0.415 | −0.272 | 0.523 |
| Rho | 1.093*** | 0.138 | 0.828*** | 0.172 | 0.879*** | 0.116 | 1.152*** | 0.169 |
| N | 409 | 438 | 413 | 404 | ||||
Note: Robust standard errors reported. Survey weights applied. Estimates presented for the preferred model, selected based on lowest value of Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC).
*
p < .10.
**
p < .05.
***
p < .01.