Table 2.
Emerging e‐Health solutions for asthma management
| e‐Health solutions | Measured parameters | Comments | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electronic monitoring devices | |||
|
Digihaler™ |
Time of inhaler use, the peak of inspiratory flow rate (PIFR), time of PIFR, inspiratory volume and duration. | Its efficacy has not been evaluated; one pilot study in adults has shown its ability to predict asthmatic exacerbations. | Safioti et al, 2019. 56 |
| Propeller Health System | The inhaler sensor measures date, time, and the number of doses taken. Asthma Health Platform App assesses: the location of inhaler uses with GPS technology, current weather/pollen counts/air pollution and self‐report asthma symptoms/triggers. | This technology is portable and showed high acceptability among patients (children and adults), and improvements in asthma control. | Merchant et al, 2016. 57 |
| Hailie™ solution, previously known as SmartInhaler™ platform | The inhaler sensor measures dates, time, number of inhaler actuation, and missed doses. Hailie™ App assesses medication adherence and reminds daily medication. | This sensor has demonstrated high user acceptability and efficacy in increasing medication adherence in children and adults. |
Charles et al, 2007. 58 Foster et al, 2012. 59 |
| Mobile‐based applications | |||
| Mobile‐based Apps | The vast majority of Apps provide self‐monitoring of asthma symptoms, triggers and medication use. | Apps showed the low quality of evidence in improving asthma control, lung function, and quality of life both in children and in adults. Apps have not been validated for clinical use and may show a high risk of lost private health information. |
Wu et al, 2015. 60 Ramsey et al, 2019. 61 |
| Wearable technologies | |||
| Fitbit™ | Fitbit™ measures heart rate, steps/day, physical activity, sedentary time, sleep efficiency and wake counts. | Fitbit™ is portable and commercially available. It has been tested for monitoring activity and sleep in children. Fitbit‐derived sleep quality correlates with PROMIS paediatric asthma impact score. |
Bian et al, 2017. 62 Jaimini et al, 2018. 53 |
Abbreviations: Apps, applications. GPS, Global Positioning System. PIFR, Peak of Inspiratory Flow Rate. PROMIS, Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.