Table 1.

 Recommended scoring schemes for stroke and bleeding risk assessments

Guidelines	Stroke risk assessment			Bleeding risk assessment
	Scoring scheme suggested for stroke risk assessment	Definitions of the stroke risk factor component	Other important statements	Scoring scheme suggested for bleeding risk assessment
2017 APHRS	CHA2DS2-VASc	Similar to the original definitions	—	HAS-BLED score
2018 ACCP	CHA2DS2-VASc	C: Recent decompensated HF, irrespective of the ejection fraction or the presence of moderate-severe LV systolic impairment on cardiac imaging, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic	—	HAS-BLED score
2019 ACC/AHA/HRS	CHA2DS2-VASc	Similar to the original definitions	—	No specific bleeding score was recommended
2020 ESC	CHA2DS2-VASc	C: Clinical HF, or objective evidence of moderate to severe LV dysfunction, or HCM   V: Angiographically significant CAD, previous myocardial infarction, PAD, or aortic plaque	H: Uncontrolled BP—the optimal BP target associated with the lowest risk of ischaemic stroke, death, and other cardiovascular outcomes is 120–129/<80 mmHg   Age: Age-related risk is a continuum, but for reasons of simplicity and practicality, 1 point is given for age 65–74 years, and 2 points for age ≥75 years   Recent data from Asia suggest that the risk of stroke may rise from age 50–55 years upwards and that a modified CHA2DS2-VASc score may be used in Asian patients   Sc: Female sex is a stroke risk modifier rather than a risk factor	HAS-BLED score

ACC/AHA/HRS, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Heart Rhythm Society; ACCP, American College of Chest Physicians; APHRS, Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; ESC, European Society of Cardiology; HF, heart failure; LV, left ventricle; PAD, peripheral arterial disease.