. 2020 Dec 15;37(1):44–81. doi: 10.1002/agr.21679

Table A2.

Robustness check, determinants of changes in consumption since the beginning of COVID‐19 by food group

	Fresh produce		Dairy		Meats		Grains		Snacks
	Coef.	SD	Coef.	SD	Coef.	SD	Coef.	SD	Coef.	SD
Age	0.007^**	0.004	0.011^***	0.004	−0.003	0.004	0.003	0.004	−0.001	0.003
Female	−0.105	0.098	−0.060	0.104	−0.149	0.101	−0.093	0.101	−0.027	0.098
High school graduate	−0.035	0.490	−0.446	0.518	−0.853	0.535	0.263	0.521	−0.501	0.487
Some college	−0.087	0.494	−0.549	0.527	−0.657	0.543	0.343	0.528	−0.270	0.493
Two year degree	0.052	0.505	−0.563	0.537	−0.940^*	0.551	0.376	0.538	−0.231	0.505
Four year degree	0.024	0.495	−0.543	0.526	−0.822	0.543	0.259	0.528	−0.272	0.493
Professional or doctorate degree	−0.128	0.500	−0.561	0.532	−0.723	0.548	0.115	0.534	−0.538	0.499
White, non‐Hispanic	0.132	0.185	0.398^**	0.194	0.007	0.191	0.011	0.195	0.176	0.185
Black, non‐Hispanic	0.524^**	0.236	0.508^**	0.242	0.468^*	0.242	−0.060	0.244	0.373	0.234
Household size = 2	0.084	0.130	−0.096	0.138	−0.122	0.133	0.002	0.135	−0.120	0.130
Household size = 3	0.050	0.174	0.112	0.181	−0.103	0.178	−0.147	0.178	−0.054	0.173
Household size = 4	−0.203	0.200	−0.031	0.209	−0.306	0.203	−0.229	0.205	−0.073	0.203
Household size = 5	−0.034	0.251	0.222	0.260	0.176	0.256	−0.096	0.256	−0.573^**	0.248
Household size = 6	0.355	0.471	0.013	0.470	−0.004	0.466	−0.414	0.460	0.311	0.516
Household size = 7	−0.328	0.736	−0.022	0.765	−0.292	0.748	−0.398	0.722	−0.519	0.736
Household size = 8	−6.069	126.515	4.598	122.730	−6.823	124.073	4.321	127.684	4.402	112.397
Household size = 9	−0.432	0.880	−0.412	0.952	−1.453	0.997	0.216	0.926	−0.139	0.839
Household size = 10	−0.153	1.189	0.306	1.303	−0.072	1.218	−0.899	1.254	4.813	112.395
Household with children	0.588^***	0.158	0.410^**	0.162	0.376^**	0.159	0.392^**	0.161	0.223	0.158
Democrat	0.031	0.115	0.015	0.122	−0.089	0.118	−0.131	0.119	−0.108	0.116
Republican	−0.095	0.118	0.030	0.124	0.071	0.120	−0.427^***	0.123	−0.289^**	0.118
Phoenix resident	−0.104	0.096	−0.167	0.102	0.115	0.099	−0.209^**	0.100	−0.156	0.097
$10,000–$19,999	−0.841^**	0.365	−0.431	0.377	−0.429	0.377	0.157	0.365	−0.040	0.347
$20,000–$29,999	−0.618^*	0.348	−0.013	0.355	0.089	0.357	−0.006	0.341	−0.083	0.326
$30,000–$39,999	−0.469	0.355	−0.247	0.364	0.173	0.369	−0.036	0.348	−0.112	0.336
$40,000–$49,999	−0.584^*	0.342	−0.149	0.355	0.440	0.358	0.099	0.339	−0.002	0.324
$50,000–$59,999	−0.775^**	0.333	−0.560	0.345	0.111	0.347	−0.225	0.328	0.177	0.315
$60,000–$69,999	−0.474	0.350	−0.192	0.362	0.150	0.366	0.063	0.347	0.396	0.336
$70,000–$79,999	−0.171	0.344	0.065	0.355	0.321	0.360	0.100	0.340	0.242	0.326
$80,000–$89,999	−0.653^*	0.360	−0.223	0.373	0.090	0.373	0.498	0.357	0.230	0.340
$90,000–$99,999	−0.537	0.367	−0.213	0.380	−0.029	0.383	0.141	0.365	0.116	0.350
$100,000–$149,999	−0.520	0.333	−0.212	0.343	0.130	0.347	0.065	0.327	0.407	0.315
More than $150,000	−0.400	0.343	−0.157	0.355	0.414	0.358	0.256	0.340	0.078	0.325
Furloughed due to COVID‐19	−0.158	0.226	0.042	0.244	0.377	0.240	0.001	0.236	0.246	0.239
Received stimulus check	−0.126	0.105	0.087	0.111	0.015	0.107	0.010	0.107	0.054	0.104
On SNAP	0.212	0.180	0.211	0.183	0.356^**	0.182	0.282	0.185	−0.046	0.178
Visited food pantry in past 30 days	0.331	0.243	0.632^**	0.252	0.370	0.242	0.534^**	0.252	−0.407^*	0.233
Visited food pantry in past 30 days and on SNAP	0.344	0.312	0.487	0.314	0.292	0.307	−0.119	0.301	−0.068	0.306
Shopped less often	−0.033	0.118	−0.075	0.125	−0.118	0.121	0.264^**	0.122	0.100	0.116
Shopped more often	0.218	0.145	0.322^**	0.150	0.226	0.146	0.497^***	0.150	0.182	0.144
Bought more	0.453^***	0.104	0.479^***	0.111	0.476^***	0.107	0.641^***	0.109	0.563^***	0.104
Bought what was there	−0.284^**	0.112	−0.339^***	0.120	−0.233^**	0.115	−0.081	0.115	−0.050	0.111
Stockpiled	0.120	0.112	0.232^*	0.119	0.354^***	0.115	−0.026	0.117	0.109	0.114
Ate from stockpile and restocked	0.038	0.104	−0.021	0.111	−0.078	0.107	0.132	0.108	0.075	0.105
Ate from stockpile without restocking	−0.064	0.107	0.008	0.113	−0.042	0.110	0.141	0.111	0.044	0.108
cut1	−1.046^*	0.541	−0.879	0.571	−1.517^**	0.592	−0.537	0.581	−0.976^*	0.537
cut2	0.672	0.539	1.381^**	0.571	0.355	0.589	1.514^***	0.583	0.292	0.536
Pseudo R ²	0.088		0.102		0.120		0.110		0.078
BIC	1499.541		1289.967		1410.421		1363.610		1568.069
N	667		656		647		663		669

	Fast food		Frozen food		Canned food		Prepped meals		Bottled water
	Coef.	SD	Coef.	SD	Coef.	SD	Coef.	SD	Coef.	SD
Age	−0.005	0.004	−0.010^***	0.004	−0.005	0.004	−0.005	0.004	−0.008^*	0.004
Female	−0.014	0.112	−0.065	0.100	−0.213^**	0.102	−0.103	0.114	−0.067	0.110
High school graduate	−0.667	0.531	−1.451^***	0.545	−0.418	0.505	−1.088^*	0.594	0.132	0.521
Some college	−0.424	0.533	−1.382^**	0.553	−0.685	0.512	−0.855	0.600	−0.030	0.528
Two year degree	−0.373	0.546	−1.188^**	0.563	−0.309	0.523	−0.762	0.610	0.004	0.538
Four year degree	−0.293	0.533	−1.377^**	0.554	−0.540	0.512	−0.689	0.601	−0.144	0.525
Professional or doctorate degree	−0.338	0.539	−1.356^**	0.559	−0.497	0.517	−0.880	0.608	−0.310	0.533
White, non‐Hispanic	−0.279	0.204	0.245	0.196	0.301	0.196	0.108	0.213	0.391^*	0.201
Black, non‐Hispanic	−0.116	0.255	0.068	0.242	0.433^*	0.247	0.285	0.267	0.561^**	0.253
Household size = 2	0.014	0.152	−0.150	0.132	−0.022	0.135	0.092	0.160	0.048	0.151
Household size = 3	0.190	0.196	−0.190	0.174	−0.223	0.177	0.164	0.201	0.238	0.198
Household size = 4	0.451^**	0.227	−0.087	0.204	−0.082	0.205	0.557^**	0.230	0.166	0.227
Household size = 5	0.154	0.276	−0.037	0.253	0.118	0.259	0.582^**	0.283	0.758^***	0.281
Household size = 6	−0.420	0.548	−0.208	0.446	−0.119	0.451	0.966^*	0.508	−0.440	0.488
Household size = 7	−0.543	0.832	−1.198	0.740	−0.923	0.735	−0.634	0.805	−0.710	0.727
Household size = 8	−5.318	336.912	3.013	126.995	3.842	125.290	−0.624	1.330	3.577	128.468
Household size = 9	−5.207	336.911	−0.688	0.888	−0.525	0.906	−0.891	1.300	−0.174	0.907
Household size = 10	5.963	287.705	−0.480	1.194	0.047	1.227	0.556	1.174	−0.467	1.224
Household with children	0.083	0.170	0.297^*	0.159	0.389^**	0.160	0.008	0.170	0.109	0.172
Democrat	−0.117	0.132	−0.053	0.117	0.101	0.119	−0.094	0.134	0.296^**	0.131
Republican	−0.133	0.135	−0.349^***	0.120	−0.157	0.122	−0.202	0.137	0.101	0.132
Phoenix resident	0.270^**	0.111	0.171^*	0.098	0.118	0.100	0.153	0.112	0.316^***	0.110
$10,000–$19,999	−0.140	0.382	0.235	0.362	−0.347	0.371	0.044	0.409	0.349	0.401
$20,000–$29,999	0.363	0.355	0.362	0.344	−0.422	0.352	0.102	0.385	−0.114	0.371
$30,000–$39,999	−0.397	0.369	0.287	0.352	−0.510	0.362	0.185	0.410	−0.403	0.390
$40,000–$49,999	0.083	0.353	0.348	0.341	−0.335	0.352	0.186	0.394	−0.318	0.369
$50,000–$59,999	−0.115	0.337	0.567^*	0.330	−0.484	0.341	0.411	0.379	−0.309	0.358
$60,000–$69,999	−0.044	0.365	0.253	0.347	−0.412	0.358	−0.095	0.401	−0.465	0.379
$70,000–$79,999	−0.211	0.354	0.322	0.340	−0.471	0.351	0.171	0.389	−0.265	0.368
$80,000–$89,999	−0.214	0.374	0.439	0.355	−0.285	0.369	0.076	0.419	−0.057	0.390
$90,000–$99,999	−0.649	0.395	0.206	0.363	−0.596	0.376	−0.100	0.422	−0.564	0.405
$100,000–$149,999	−0.255	0.340	0.406	0.329	−0.450	0.339	0.191	0.379	−0.170	0.357
More than $150,000	−0.288	0.357	0.180	0.341	−0.660^*	0.353	0.048	0.388	−0.476	0.371
Furloughed due to COVID‐19	−0.131	0.274	0.037	0.247	−0.294	0.241	0.526^**	0.254	0.032	0.296
Received stimulus check	0.070	0.119	−0.030	0.106	0.131	0.107	0.065	0.120	0.065	0.118
On SNAP	0.435^**	0.189	−0.119	0.182	−0.176	0.181	0.150	0.198	−0.048	0.196
Visited food pantry in past 30 days	−0.144	0.278	−0.008	0.238	0.256	0.241	0.219	0.263	0.515^*	0.273
Visited food pantry in past 30 days and on SNAP	0.002	0.334	−0.355	0.298	−0.587^*	0.319	0.828^**	0.365	−0.061	0.324
Shopped less often	−0.212^*	0.129	0.185	0.120	0.197	0.122	−0.124	0.131	0.171	0.131
Shopped more often	0.604^***	0.154	0.280^*	0.147	0.013	0.149	0.262	0.160	0.396^**	0.159
Bought more	−0.198^*	0.118	0.177^*	0.105	0.248^**	0.106	0.033	0.120	0.529^***	0.119
Bought what was there	−0.114	0.129	0.108	0.115	0.219^*	0.118	−0.022	0.130	−0.118	0.128
Stockpiled	0.188	0.127	0.287^**	0.114	0.333^***	0.116	0.180	0.129	−0.015	0.128
Ate from stockpile and restocked	−0.096	0.120	0.130	0.107	0.005	0.108	−0.022	0.121	−0.091	0.119
Ate from stockpile without restocking	0.313^**	0.122	−0.114	0.109	0.094	0.111	0.181	0.122	0.217^*	0.124
cut1	−0.755	0.601	−2.110^***	0.586	−1.463^***	0.563	−1.080^*	0.628	−0.784	0.579
cut2	0.118	0.601	−0.391	0.582	0.441	0.562	0.379	0.628	1.068^*	0.580
Pseudo R ²	0.123		0.078		0.081		0.082		0.130
BIC	1308.629		1462.120		1392.935		1236.019		1217.138
N	582		642		636		493		548

p < .10.

^**

p < .05.

^***

p < .01.