TABLE 2.

State orientation scores

	Women's earnings as % of men's (2018)	Labor market freedom (2016)	Policy liberalism (2014)
Colorado	84.9%	−0.031	0.175
Montana	78.6%	−0.025	0.267
North Dakota	73.9%	−0.016	−1.506
Utah	71.8%	0.027	−1.142

Note: The first data column figures come from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, (2019). The second column figures come from the CATO Institute (2020) and are basically a measure of labor policy neoliberalism, with higher scores indicating greater neoliberalism. The final column figures come from Caughey and Warshaw (2016), who look at 148 different policies as indicators of broader policy liberalism.