Table 2.

Do-It-Yourself Artificial Pancreas Systems: Qualitative Research Literature.

Authors	Country	Research methods	Aim	Sample (n)	Outcomes
Litchman et al20	United States	Qualitative “Netnography” (Internet Enthnography) to analyze #OpenAPS on Twitter over a two-year period	Examine Twitter data to understand how patients, caregivers, and care partners perceive OpenAPS, the personal and emotional ramifications of using OpenAPS, and the influence of OpenAPS on daily life	328 participants’ 3347 tweets	Overarching theme: OpenAPS changes lives five subthemes relating to OpenAPS use emerged from the data: (1) Improved self-reported A1C and glucose variability (2) Improved sense of diabetes burden and quality of life (3) OpenAPS perceived as safe (4) Patient/caregiver-provider interaction related to OpenAPS (5) Technology adapted for OpenAPS users’ needs
Gavrila et al21	United States	Qualitative Semistructured interviews	Describe Nightscout outcomes: Glycemic control and variability	20 interviews	“Members of the CGM in the Cloud Facebook group identified peer support through giving and receiving technical, emotional, and medical support, as well as giving back to the larger community by paying it forward. Peer support also extended beyond the online forum, connecting people in person, whether they were local or across the country.”

Abbreviation: OpenAPS, open source artificial pancreas system.