Effects of IL‐1β on human endplate chondrocytes. A, Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the IL‐1β expression in endplate cartilage with different degrees of degeneration. B, Culture and identification of human primary endplate chondrocytes. a, gross appearance of human endplate cartilage. b, microscopic appearance of human primary endplate chondrocytes. c, toluidine blue stain. d, alcian blue staining. C, The effect of different concentrations of IL‐1β on the proliferation of endplate chondrocytes. D, E, Annexin V‐FITC/PI was used to detect the effect of IL‐1β on the apoptosis of endplate chondrocytes. F, G, The effect of different concentrations of IL‐1β on the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins in endplate chondrocytes was detected by Western blot. H, I, J, Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the effect of different concentrations of IL‐1β on the expression of phenotype protein in endplate chondrocytes. (**P < .01)