Table 1.
Cross‐sectional study patient characteristics
| HC (n = 15) | DM (n = 12) | DN (n = 14) | SPKT (n = 35) | KTx (n = 13) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male, n (%) | 8 (53%) | 6 (50%) | 9 (64%) | 23 (66%) | 4 (31%) |
| Age (y) | 44 ± 10 | 54 ± 14 | 44 ± 6 b | 48 ± 8 | 48 ± 10 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 3.6 | 23.7 ± 2.6 | 24.3 ± 2.8 | 24.1 ± 4.2 | 24.6 ± 4.8 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 133 ± 13 | 130 ± 14 | 141 ± 21 | 140 ± 23 | 133 ± 25 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 83 ± 7 | 70 ± 9 a | 84 ± 10 b | 84 ± 13 b | 78 ± 12 |
| Haemoglobin (mmol/L) | 8.8 ± 0.7 | 8.4 ± 1.3 | 7.4 ± 0.7 a , b | 8.2 ± 1.1 | 7.9 ± 1.0 |
| Haematocrit (L/L) | 0.42 ± 0.03 | 0.41 ± 0.05 | 0.36 ± 0.04 a , b | 0.41 ± 0.05 c | 0.40 ± 0.04 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | — | 53.7 ± 8.9 | 63.6 ± 15.6 | 37.7 ± 8.7 b | 67.5 ± 8.7 b |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.2 ± 1.1 | 12.7 ± 5.1 a | 12.5 ± 5.7 a | 5.9 ± 2.9 b , c | 11.2 ± 5.3 a , d |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 93 ± 17 | 71 ± 24 | 26 ± 17 a | 52 ± 19 a , b , c | 60 ± 24 a , c |
| Proteinuria (g/24 h) median (IQR) | — | 0.29 (0.13‐0.53) | 0.68 (0.31‐1.16) | 0.27 (0.18‐0.81) c | 0.21 (0.21‐0.36) c |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (17%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (9%) | 1 (8%) |
| Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | |||||
| ACE inhibitor | — | 6 (50%) | 7 (54%) | 13 (37%) | 6 (46%) |
| Angiotensin II antagonist | — | 3 (25%) | 5 (39%) | 8 (23%) | 0 (0%) c , d |
| Calcium antagonist | — | 1 (8%) | 6 (46%) b | 20 (57%) b | 5 (38%) |
| Diuretic | — | 5 (42%) | 6 (46%) | 7 (20%) | 4 (31%) |
| Statin, n (%) | — | 6 (50%) | 8 (62%) | 24 (69%) | 5 (38%) |
| Duration of diabetes (y) | — | 33 ± 9 | 31 ± 9 | 28 ± 9 | 36 ± 9 d |
| Time since Tx (mo) median (IQR) | — | — | — | 45 (19‐102) | 21 (9‐74) |
| Diabetes after SPKT, n (%) | — | — | — | 3 (9%) | — |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus (eGFR > 35 mL/min/1.73 m2); DN, diabetic nephropathy; HC, healthy controls; KTx, kidney transplantation; SPK, simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation; Tx, transplantation (SPKT or KTx).
a
P < .05 vs HC.
b
P < .05 vs DM.
c
P < .05 vs DN.
d
P < .05 vs SPKT.