TABLE 1.
Patient demographics, comorbidities, and past medical history
| Healers, N = 12 | Nonhealers, N = 11 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 8 (66.7) | 7 (63.6) | .88 |
| Age | 58.5, 58.2 (9.4) | 58.0, 54.1 (10.8) | .3 |
| BMI (kg/m3) | 33.0, 34.80 (10.6) | 36.20, 36.49 (8.37) | .70 |
| Race | |||
| Caucasian | 7 (58.3) | 4 (36.4) | .29 |
| African American | 2 (16.7) | 3 (27.3) | .54 |
| Hispanic | 3 (25.0) | 4 (36.4) | .55 |
| Substance use history | |||
| Tobacco | 4 (33.3) | 3 (27.3) | .75 |
| Alcohol | 1 (8.3) | 4 (36.4) | .10 |
| Offloading | |||
| Boot | 9 (75.0) | 7 (63.6) | .55 |
| Shoe | 3 (25.0) | 4 (36.4) | .55 |
| Foot ulcer history | 8 (66.7) | 5 (45.5) | .31 |
| Amputation history | 8 (66.7) | 7 (63.6) | .88 |
| Type II diabetes | 11 (92.0) | 11 (100) | 1.0 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 13.5, 13.5 (8.4) | 15.5, 14.8 (8.8) | .73 |
| Coronary artery disease | 3 (25.0) | 0 (0) | .22 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 1.0 |
| Retinopathy | 3 (25.0) | 0 (0) | 1.0 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 4 (33.3) | 3 (27.3) | .75 |
| Index wound area (cm2) | 4.8, 5.2 (4.0) | 1.8, 3.8 (4.3) | .44 |
| Glycated haemoglobin (%) | 8.1, 8.2 (2.6) | 10.9, 9.7 (3.3) | .32 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.9, 3.8 (0.5) | 3.6, 3.6 (0.6) | .40 |
| Sensory neuropathy | |||
| Abnormal 10‐g monofilament | 11 (91.7) | 8 (72.7) | .23 |
| Vibration perception forefoot (volt) | 70.7, 65.4 (33.2) | 50.5, 50.8 (31.9) | .31 |
| Vibration perception ankle (volt) | 36.5, 47.1 (23.0) | 42.2, 43.7 (21.3) | .73 |
| Ankle brachial index | 1.2, 1.3 (0.2) | 1.1, 1.1 (0.3) | .06 |
| Hyperspectral imaging | |||
| Dorsal oxygenated haemoglobin | 59.5, 63.6 (38.7) | 62.0, 61.7 (30.3) | .91 |
| Dorsal deoxygenated haemoglobin | 59.0, 58.8 (27.5) | 65.0, 77.1 (42.2) | .23 |
| Dorsal oxygen saturation | 49.0, 49.7 (21.1) | 52.0, 43.5 (15.4) | .44 |
| Dorsal area | 559.5, 500.3 (182.1) | 562.0, 688.7 (474.5) | .22 |
| Plantar oxygenated haemoglobin | 83.5, 76.3 (16.8) | 77.0, 77.5 (19.6) | .88 |
| Plantar deoxygenated haemoglobin | 48.0, 55.7 (23.5) | 58.0, 58.3 (12.3) | .75 |
| Plantar oxygen saturation | 60.0, 58.4 (9.0) | 57.0, 56.7 (3.7) | .57 |
| Plantar area | 612.0, 569.3 (169.4) | 683.0, 720.0 (285.0) | .13 |
| Skin perfusion pressures (mmHg) | |||
| Medial foot | 55.1, 53.3 (14.9) | 54.5, 53.6 (13.2) | .96 |
| Lateral foot | 53.0, 55.2 (12.0) | 62.3, 59.3 (15.5) | .48 |
Note: Dichotomous variables are presented as N (%). Continuous variables are presented as median, mean (SD).