TABLE 1.

Glossary of common terms used in this review

Abbreviations	Full name	Function
MAC	Membrane‐associate complex	An effector protein of the innate immune system that forms cytotoxic pores on the cell surface of pathogens
CFB/F/H	Complement factor B/F/H	Regulator proteins of the complement activation cascade
SERPING1	Serine peptidase inhibitor clade G member 1	The SERPING1 gene encodes the protein C1‐inhibitor, a protease inhibitor
HTRA1	HtrA serine peptidase 1	The HTRA1 gene encodes the protein serine protease, which cleaves peptide bonds
TNF	Tumour necrosis factor	A member of the group of cytokines that activates an acute phase reaction in systemic inflammation
RIPK	Receptor interacting protein kinases	Key sensors of intracellular/extracellular stress and regulators of cell death/survival, found in the necrosis cell death pathway
ROS	Reactive oxidation species	A byproduct of oxygen metabolism that plays a key role cell signalling and homeostasis
Bax	Bcl‐2‐associated X protein	Bax is a protein that heterodimerizes to function as an apoptotic activator
SOD2	Superoxide dismutase 2	SOD2 protects cells against cell death by clearing excess mitochondrial ROS
NLRP3	Nod‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3	A scaffolding protein that assists with the formation of inflammasome, found in pyroptosis
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate	ATP is the source of energy for many cellular processes and is generated in the mitochondria as a result of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle or the electron transport chain
NAPDH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate	NAPDH is a cofactor of anabolic reactions and functions as the electron donor/reducing agent