TABLE 1.
Admission HbA1c and clinical outcomes in COVID‐19 patients
| Authors and country | N | Known diabetes, n (%) | Mean (SD) or median (IQR) HbA1c (%) | Outcome (s) | Findings | Variables adjusted for |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liu L et al, 7 China | 77 | 33 (43.0) | NR | Mortality | 1% increase in HbA1c was significantly associated with mortality with an hazard ratio of 1.58 (95% CI 1.16, 2.15), P = .004 | Age, lactate dehydrogenase, lymphocyte count, NT‐proBNP, and serum ferritin |
| Liu Z et al, 6 China | 64 | 64 (100) | 8.1 (6.6‐9.7) | Disease progression (transferred to ICU or death) during hospitalization | 1% increase in HbA1c was significantly associated with disease progression with an OR of 3.29 (95% CI 1.19, 9.13), P = .022 | Maximum of in‐hospital blood glucose, lymphocytes, CRP, and prothrombin time |
| Wang Z et al, 9 China | 132 | 31 (23.5) | 6.4 (5.8‐7.2) |
Mortality Markers of inflammation and hypercoagulability, and oxygen saturation |
Higher mortality rate with increasing HbA1c levels: 9.8% in group A (n = 41, no diabetes and HbA1c ≤6.0%), 11.4% in group B (n = 44, no diabetes and HbA1c >6.0‐ < 6.5%), and 27.7% in group C (n = 47, diabetes and/or HbA1c ≥6.5%), P = .04 Negative correlation between HbA1c and SaO2 (r = −0.22, P = .01). Positive correlation between HbA1c and ferritin (r = 0.24, P = .01), CRP (r = 0.22, P = .01), fibrinogen (r = 0.27, P < .01), and ESR (r = 0.27, P < .01) |
None |
| Cariou B et al, 8 France | 1317 | 1317 (100) | 8.1 (1.9) |
Invasive mechanical ventilation or death within 7 days of admission |
No significant association: compared with HbA1c <7%, OR for 7%‐7.9% was 0.84 (95% CI 0.55, 1.27), OR for 8%‐8.9% was 0.92 (95% CI 0.59, 1.45), and OR for ≥9.0% was 0.78 (95% CI 0.51, 1.21) | None |
| Ling P et al, 1 China | 51 | 51 (100) | 8.0 (1.5) | Disease progression (nonsevere to severe illness) | No significant association | Age, sex, blood glucose, smoking status, and blood pressure |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; CRP, C‐reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; NR, not reported; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal prohormone natriuretic peptide; OR, odds ratio; SaO2, oxygen saturation; SD, standard deviation.