Table 2.
Patient-reported and modelled travel times by category
| Category | N | Patient-reported | Model I – based on Ouma et al | Model II based on Munoz et al | ||
| Travel time in minutes; median (IQR) | Travel time in minutes; median (IQR) | Conversion factor;* median (IQR) | Travel time in minutes; median (IQR) | Conversion factor;* median (IQR) | ||
| Main mode of transport | ||||||
| Boat† | 5 | 180 (90–180) | 120 (70–129) | 0.67 (0.29–0.72) | 279 (103–489) | 1.55 (0.43–2.72) |
| Ambulance‡ | 399 | 90 (50–150) | 32 (11–64) | 0.28 (0.16–0.62) | 86 (27–213) | 0.89 (0.41–1.90) |
| Private car | 20 | 43 (35–53) | 6 (3–9) | 0.11 (0.05–0.21) | 12 (7–30) | 0.25 (0.19–0.53) |
| Taxi and poda poda | 221 | 50 (30–100) | 7 (3–15) | 0.12 (0.07–0.20) | 17 (9–35) | 0.29 (0.18–0.50) |
| Motorbike | 223 | 30 (15–80) | 6 (3–66) | 0.40 (0.20–0.84) | 24 (9–153) | 1.16 (0.53–2.35) |
| Walking only | 67 | 20 (10–30) | 3 (1–8) | 0.13 (0.07–0.40) | 9 (5–24) | 0.50 (0.20–1.20) |
| Other | 3 | 120 (30–160) | 16 (1–226) | 0.10 (0.03–1.88) | 34 (3–449) | 0.21 (0.10–3.74) |
| Missing | 161 | 83 (40–130) | 19 (7–49) | 0.23 (0.13–0.51) | 44 (20–156) | 0.76 (0.35–1.40) |
| Referral facilities | ||||||
| None | 608 | 40 (20–90) | 7 (3–20) | 0.20 (0.10–0.40) | 19 (8–50) | 0.5 (0.26–1.21) |
| One | 478 | 90 (45–150) | 31 (10–73) | 0.31 (0.15–0.67) | 78 (26–214) | 0.88 (0.39–1.95) |
| Two | 13 | 120 (90–180) | 187 (44–233) | 1.27 (0.58–1.94) | 531 (170–573) | 3.82 (1.51–4.63) |
| Wealth quantiles | ||||||
| I (poorest) | 53 | 113 (60–173) | 78 (39–118) | 0.67 (0.23–1.27) | 179 (88–359) | 1.85 (0.72–3.65) |
| II | 57 | 105 (48–180) | 76 (33–101) | 0.60 (0.32–1.28) | 187 (93–234) | 1.63 (0.81–3.04) |
| III | 110 | 90 (60–150) | 48 (21–97) | 0.43 (0.24–1.00) | 171 (77–290) | 1.55 (0.87–2.51) |
| IV | 239 | 60 (30–120) | 25 (6–60) | 0.35 (0.19–0.80) | 62 (20–199) | 1.12 (0.51–2.33) |
| V (richest) | 521 | 45 (20–90) | 6 (3–16) | 0.15 (0.08–0.25) | 17 (9–38) | 0.39 (0.23–0.81) |
| Missing | 119 | 88 (40–135) | 17 (7–39) | 0.21 (0.11–0.42) | 39 (17–95) | 0.60 (0.31–1.26) |
| Education | ||||||
| None | 397 | 80 (30–150) | 30 (6–75) | 0.34 (0.18–0.73) | 78 (19–219) | 1.03 (0.47–2.20) |
| Primary | 138 | 60 (30–120) | 15 (4–60) | 0.23 (0.12–0.73) | 42 (13–196) | 0.78 (0.33–1.97) |
| Secondary | 377 | 45 (23–100) | 7 (3–22) | 0.17 (0.10–0.36) | 22 (11–55) | 0.47 (0.27–1.10) |
| Tertiary | 82 | 40 (20–70) | 5 (2–8) | 0.12 (0.06–0.24) | 14 (7–25) | 0.33 (0.18–0.76) |
| Missing | 105 | 90 (45–150) | 19 (9–41) | 0.22 (0.12–0.45) | 40 (24–103) | 0.68 (0.33–1.31) |
| Total | 1099 | 60 (30–120) | 13 (4–44) | 0.22 (0.11–0.51) | 34 (13–153) | 0.70 (0.30–1.57) |
Comparison of patient-reported and modelled travel times presented by category. The geospatial models are based on Ouma et al11 and Munoz et al.12
*Conversion factor from patient-reported travel time to modelled travel time.
†All five patients used an ambulance and two patients used a motorbike in addition to a boat.
‡45 patients used a motorbike, 10 walked and 2 used a taxi in addition to an ambulance.
IQR, Interquartile range; N, number.