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. 2020 Dec 18;218(1):e20192179. doi: 10.1084/jem.20192179

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© 2020 Burke et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms/). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 International license, as described at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).

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Figure 1. — There are several possible mechanisms contributing to irAEs in response to ICB. Importantly, these may occur distal to the tumor, in the periphery, or within the TME. It is still unclear which mechanism, if any, is the main driver of irAEs or to what degree interplay of these mechanisms contributes to disease. As irAEs are a critical limitation to cancer immunotherapy, understanding these mechanisms and how to prevent them is essential to the future of cancer immunotherapeutics.