TABLE 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics in AF and non‐AF populations of cardiomyopathy patients
| Variable | AF (N = 998) | Non‐AF (N = 2210) | P‐value | OR [95% CI] | OR P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at enrolment (years), mean ± SD | 58.7 (±13.6) | 50.9 (±15.2) | <0.001 | 1.038 [1.032–1.044] | <0.001 |
| Age at first evaluation in the centre (years), mean ± SD | 54.0 (±14.8) | 47.3 (±15.9) | <0.001 | 1.029 [1.023–1.034] | <0.001 |
| Gender—female | 327/998 (32.77%) | 792/2210 (35.84%) | 0.091 | 0.873 [0.745–1.022] | 0.091 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 27.5 (±5.0) | 26.8 (±4.9) | <0.001 | 1.029 [1.013–1.045] | <0.001 |
| Inherited metabolic disorder | 2/638 (0.31%) | 19/1436 (1.32%) | 0.054 | 0.238 [0.055–1.024] | 0.054 |
| Mitochondrial disorder | 2/996 (0.20%) | 8/2202 (0.36%) | 0.734 | 0.554 [0.117–2.610] | 0.455 |
| Neuromuscular diseases | 10/638 (1.57%) | 20/1455 (1.37%) | 0.733 | 1.143 [0.532–2.455] | 0.733 |
| NYHA class | |||||
| NYHA I | 160/877 (18.24%) | 573/1755 (32.65%) | <0.001 | Reference | Reference |
| NYHA II | 424/877 (48.35%) | 795/1755 (45.30%) | 1.910 [1.546–2.359] | <0.001 | |
| NYHA III | 248/877 (28.28%) | 325/1755 (18.52%) | 2.733 [2.148–3.477] | <0.001 | |
| NYHA IV | 45/877 (5.13%) | 62/1755 (3.53%) | 2.599 [1.705–3.964] | <0.001 | |
| History of arrhythmias | |||||
| History of sustained VT | 144/998 (14.43%) | 218/2210 (9.86%) | <0.001 | 1.541 [1.230–1.930] | <0.001 |
| History of resuscitated VF/cardiac arrest | 51/998 (5.11%) | 80/2210 (3.62%) | 0.048 | 1.434 [1.001–2.054] | 0.049 |
| History of AV block | 75/638 (11.76%) | 122/1455 (8.38%) | 0.015 | 1.456 [1.074–1.973] | 0.015 |
| History of BBB | 161/638 (25.24%) | 295/1455 (20.27%) | 0.011 | 1.327 [1.066–1.653] | 0.012 |
| Family history of sudden death | 168/897 (18.73%) | 356/2072 (17.18%) | 0.310 | 1.111 [0.907–1.361] | 0.310 |
| History of stroke: TIA or stroke | 102/991 (10.29%) | 101/2200 (4.59%) | <0.001 | 2.384 [1.791–3.174] | <0.001 |
| Co‐morbidities | |||||
| Arterial hypertension | 409/998 (40.98%) | 755/2210 (34.16%) | <0.001 | 1.338 [1.147–1.561] | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus type I or II | 157/998 (15.73%) | 246/2210 (11.13%) | <0.001 | 1.490 [1.201–1.850] | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia/dyslipidaemia | 396/998 (39.68%) | 757/2210 (34.25%) | 0.003 | 1.263 [1.082–1.473] | 0.003 |
| Renal impairment | 177/998 (17.74%) | 168/2210 (7.60%) | <0.001 | 2.620 [2.090–3.284] | <0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 68/998 (6.81%) | 90/2210 (4.07%) | <0.001 | 1.723 [1.246–2.382] | 0.001 |
| Anaemia | 80/990 (8.08%) | 113/2187 (5.17%) | 0.001 | 1.614 [1.199–2.171] | 0.002 |
| Lifestyle | |||||
| Physical activity | 346/776 (44.59%) | 918/1719 (53.40%) | <0.001 | 0.702 [0.592–0.832] | <0.001 |
| None | 430/776 (55.41%) | 801/1719 (46.60%) | <0.001 | Reference | Reference |
| Occasionally | 213/776 (27.45%) | 497/1719 (28.91%) | 0.798 [0.654–0.974] | 0.026 | |
| Regularly | 120/776 (15.46%) | 352/1719 (20.48%) | 0.635 [0.501–0.806] | <0.001 | |
| Intensely | 13/776 (1.68%) | 69/1719 (4.01%) | 0.351 [0.192–0.642] | <0.001 | |
| Alcohol use (any amount) | 278/820 (33.90%) | 569/1825 (31.18%) | 0.165 | 1.132 [0.950–1.349] | 0.165 |
| Smoking (current or former) | 310/927 (33.44%) | 725/2051 (35.35%) | 0.311 | 0.919 [0.780–1.082] | 0.312 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; AV, atrioventricular; BBB, bundle branch block; CI, confidence interval; NYHA, New York Heart Association; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia.