Table 5.
Summary of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting where temperature (heating or cooling) crosslinking, was employed showing materials used, type of biomolecules and targeted tissues. Various biomaterials have been used alone or in combination, such as collagen (Col), thiolated gelatin (T-gel), fibrinogen (Fib), alginate (Alg), agarose (Ag), carboxylated agarose (C-Ag), κ-carrageenan (Kca), polylactide (PLA), polyurethane (PU), and peptidesamphiphiles (PPS). Cells used included human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs), bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSCs), epidermal stem cell (ESCs), embryonic cells (ECs), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), murine preosteoblasts (MPs), chondrocytes cells (CCs), myoblasts cells (MBCs), neural progenitor cells (NPCs), Hela cells (HCs), cholangiocytes (CECs), and osteosarcoma cells (OCs).
| Biomaterial | Crosslinking Method | Printing Technique | Cell Type | Target tissue | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ag | Temperature-induced gelation | extrusion piston-driven | HMSCs | Hyaline cartilage | [131,132] |
| C-Ag | Temperature-induced gelation | extrusion | HMSCs | Not specified | [133] |
| MC | Temperature-induced Gelation | extrusion | Fibroblasts | cell-sheet engineering | [135] |
| MC/HA | Temperature-induced Gelation | extrusion | HMSCs | Not specified | [134] |
| PU | Temperature-induced Gelation | extrusion | NPCs | Nerve tissue | [244] |
| Col | Temperature-induced Gelation | extrusion | CCs | Cartilage | [245] |
| Col | Temperature-induced Gelation | Inkjet bioprinting | ECs | cardiac constructs | [246] |
| PCL/PLA | Temperature-induced Gelation | extrusion | NPCs | Not specified | [141] |
| Col | Temperature-induced Gelation | extrusion | Fibroblasts | Not specified | [136] |
| GelMA | Temperature-induced Gelation | extrusion | HUVECs | Not specified | [247] |
| GelMA | Temperature-induced Gelation + UV Crosslinking | extrusion piston-driven | CCs | Cartilage | [248] |
| Poloxamer | Temperature-induced Gelation + UV | extrusion | CCs | Not specified | [137] |
| HA/Col | Temperature-induced Gelation + Ionic-CaCl2 | extrusion | OCs | Not specified | [139] |
| Gel/Alg/Fib | Temperature-induced gelation +Ionic-CaCl2 | extrusion | HCs | Tumor model | [249] |
| Plu/Alg | Temperature-induced Gelation +Ionic-CaCl2 | extrusion | MBCs | Not specified | [250] |
| Kca /Silicates | Temperature-induced Gelation +Ionic-KCL | extrusion | MPs | Not specified | [140] |
| T-gel/PPS | Temperature-induced Gelation +Ionic-CaCl2 | extrusion | CECs | Cartilage | [251] |