Table 1.
Clinical regimens of iNO for prevention or treatment of COVID-19.
| Subjects (patients) | Dose (ppm) | Number/time of action | Total days | Existing/possible results | Ref/NCT/EUCTR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate/severe (200) | 80 → 40 | All day | 2 | Arterial oxygen saturation increased about 20% | 04306393 87a |
| ICU (20) | 160 | 6 h/day once a day | 2 | High dose iNO could have beneficial effects | 04383002 |
| Severe (100) | 1–80 | / | / | Reduced organ damage, mechanical ventilation, death | 2020-001329-30-AT |
| Moderate/severe (42) | 20 | 1.5 times/hour | 14 | Reduced progressive systemic deoxygenation, intubation, or death | 04388683b |
| Moderate/severe (20) | 160 | / | 26 | Reduced oxygen therapy, BIPAP, CPAP, intubation, mechanical ventilationc | 03331445a |
| Severe pregnant (6) | 160 → 200 | twice a day | <17 | Improved cardiopulmonary function, newborns were in good condition | 90a |
| Mild (260) | 140 → 300 | 20–30 min/time | / | Improved short term respiratory status, prevent hospitalization | 04338828 |
| Mild/moderate (67) | 140 → 180 | 20–30 min/time twice a day | 14 | iNO has beneficial effects | 04305457 |
| Mild (300) | / | Nasal Spray + Nasal Irrigation/day | 14 | Treat and prevent exacerbation | 04443868 |
| Mild (240) | 140 → 180 | 20–30min/time twice a day | 28 | Safely slow down or stop deterioration | 91a |
| Mild (20) | 200/200 + 20 | 30 min/time twice a day (20 ppm all day) | 14 | Improved oxygenation | 04476992a |
| Mild (39) | 30(start) | Up or down through the course of disease | 2.1 | Reduced endotracheal intubation (53.9%), improved oxygenation | 92 |
| Mild (female) | 20/day 10 → 0/night |
12–14 h/day (2 h/night) | 10 | Progressive dyspnea and fatigue etc. Completely disappeared | 93a |
| Close contacts (470) | 160 | 30 min/times twice a day | 14 | Reduce the incidence to 5% | 04312243 95a |
| Close contacts (200) | / | NOG/morning NONI/evening NONS<5 times/dayb |
14 | Inactivate SARS-CoV-2 | 04337918 |
| Mild (50) | 80/150 | 40 min/time four times/day | <14 | / | 04456088 |
| All (20) | 80 | 40 min/time four times/day | / | 04397692 | |
| Moderate/severe (500) | 20 | All day | <14 | INOpulse is safe and effective | 04421508 |
| Mild/moderate | 20 | 8–24 h/day | / | INOpulse is safe and effective | 2020-002394-94-BE |
a
Levels of NO2 (<2 ppm) or methemoglobin (<5%) are closely monitored throughout the experiment.
b
Nitric Oxide Gargle (NOG), Nitric Oxide Nasophyaryngeal Irrigation (NONI), Nitric Oxide Nasal Spray (NONS).
c
Biphasic intermittent positive airway pressure (BIPAP), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).