TABLE 4.

Effects of different diuretic types (thiazide diuretics vs. loop diuretics) on the risks of heart failure re‐hospitalization ^a and new‐onset atrial fibrillation ^b in rheumatic heart disease patients with different diuretic application approaches (intermittent diuretics use or continuous diuretics use)

Group	Clinical outcomes		TDs (ref., N/%)	LDs (N/%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	Crude P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted P value
IDU	1‐year HF re‐hospitalization	No	44 (75.9)	110 (88.0)	0.43 (0.19–0.96)	0.040	0.30 (0.12–0.77)	0.012 a
		Yes	14 (24.1)	15 (12.0)
	3‐year HF re‐hospitalization	No	31 (62.0)	73 (71.6)	0.65 (0.32–1.33)	0.235	0.58 (0.25–1.33)	0.197 a
		Yes	19 (38.0)	29 (28.4)
	5‐year HF re‐hospitalization	No	18 (46.2)	51 (57.3)	0.64 (0.30–1.36)	0.246	0.57 (0.23–1.44)	0.233 a
		Yes	21 (53.8)	38 (42.7)
	New‐onset AF	No	23 (79.3)	58 (70.7)	1.59 (0.57–4.38)	0.374	1.56 (0.48–5.09)	0.466 b
		Yes	6 (20.7)	24 (29.3)
CDU	1‐year HF re‐hospitalization	No	86 (78.2)	126 (71.2)	1.45 (0.83–2.53)	0.191	1.24 (0.68–2.27)	0.481 a
		Yes	24 (21.8)	51 (28.8)
	3‐year HF re‐hospitalization	No	52 (59.1)	80 (49.1)	1.50 (0.89–2.53)	0.130	1.91 (1.06–3.43)	0.031 a
		Yes	36 (40.9)	83 (50.9)
	5‐year HF re‐hospitalization	No	34 (43.0)	43 (28.3)	1.92 (1.09–3.38)	0.025	2.16 (1.12–4.19)	0.022 a
		Yes	45 (57.0)	109 (71.7)
	New‐onset AF	No	50 (62.5)	40 (37.7)	2.75 (1.51–5.01)	0.001	2.66 (1.25–5.68)	0.012 b
		Yes	30 (37.5)	66 (62.3)

AF, atrial fibrillation; CDU, continuous diuretics use; CI, confidence interval; HF, heart failure; IDU, intermittent diuretics use; LDs, loop diuretics; OR, odds ratio; TDs, thiazide diuretics.

^aModel 5: it is the same as Model 2 with exception of types of diuretics.

^bModel 6: it is the same as Model 3 with exception of types of diuretics.