Table 4.
Univariable analysis showing associations of parameters with 150 days' all‐cause mortality in all acute heart failure patients
| Hazard ratio [95% CI] | P‐value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type of heart failure | |||
| AHFrEF | 1.00 | Baseline | |
| AHFmrEF | 0.38 | [0.18–0.82] | 0.013 |
| AHFpEF | 0.70 | [0.45–1.08] | 0.109 |
| Demographic and clinical parameters | |||
| Age, per year | 1.04 | [1.01–1.06] | 0.002 |
| Male gender | 0.99 | [0.65–1.5] | 0.950 |
| BMI, per kg/m2 | 0.92 | [0.89–0.96] | <0.001 |
| SBP admission, per mmHg | 0.99 | [0.98–0.99] | <0.001 |
| SBP discharge, per mmHg | 0.98 | [0.97–1.00] | 0.004 |
| DBP admission, per mmHg | 0.99 | [0.98–1.00] | 0.053 |
| DBP discharge, per mmHg | 0.99 | [0.98–1.01] | 0.483 |
| HR admission, per b.p.m. | 1.00 | [0.99–1.01] | 0.982 |
| HR discharge, per mmHg | 1.00 | [0.99–1.02] | 0.685 |
| Co‐morbidity | |||
| COPD | 0.61 | [0.32–1.18] | 0.143 |
| Smoking status | 0.91 | [0.60–1.38] | 0.646 |
| Hx of Afib/flutter | 1.26 | [0.82–1.93] | 0.300 |
| Hx of MI | 0.91 | [0.60–1.39] | 0.667 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 0.44 | [0.29–0.67] | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 0.64 | [0.39–1.05] | 0.075 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.76 | [0.49–1.18] | 0.223 |
| QRS duration, per ms | 1.00 | [1.00–1.01] | 0.122 |
| Echocardiography | |||
| LVEDDi, per mm/m2 | 1.04 | [1. 00–1.08] | 0.040 |
| LVMi, per g/m2 | 1.01 | [1.00–1.01] | 0.037 |
| LADi, per mm/m2 | 1.03 | [0.99–1.08] | 0.188 |
| LVEF, per % | 0.99 | [0.98–1.00] | 0.212 |
| Mitral regurgitation | 1.33 | [0.72–2.45] | 0.358 |
| Mitral stenosis | 1.22 | [0.30–4.94] | 0.785 |
| Aortic regurgitation | 1.75 | [1.15–2.66] | 0.009 |
| Aortic stenosis | 1.32 | [0.77–2.26] | 0.320 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation | 1.14 | [0.67–1.94] | 0.618 |
| Medical therapy | |||
| ICD | 1.26 | [0.58–2.72] | 0.563 |
| Pacemaker | 1.86 | [1.08–3.2] | 0.025 |
| Statin | 0.62 | [0.40–0.98] | 0.039 |
| Beta‐blocker | 0.69 | [0.45–1.06] | 0.088 |
| ACEI | 0.95 | [0.61–1.47] | 0.818 |
| ARB | 0.71 | [0.43–1.17] | 0.176 |
| ARNI | — | — | — |
| MRA | 1.71 | [1.04–2.81] | 0.035 |
| Loop diuretic | 0.99 | [0.65–1.51] | 0.953 |
| Antidiabetic drug | 0.54 | [0.27–1.08] | 0.083 |
| Insulin | 0.93 | [0.53–1.62] | 0.799 |
| Laboratory values | |||
| Haemoglobin, per g/L | 0.99 | [0.99–1. 00] | 0.32 |
| Haematocrit, per % | 0.99 | [0.96–1.03] | 0.598 |
| RDW, per % | 1.08 | [1.01–1.15] | 0.029 |
| Leucocytes, per G/L | 1.01 | [0.97–1.04] | 0.694 |
| Glucose, per mmol/L | 0.97 | [0.91–1.04] | 0.437 |
| Creatinine, per μmol/L | 1.00 | [1.00–1.00] | 0.133 |
| Sodium, per mmol/L | 1.00 | [0.97–1.03] | 0.844 |
| Potassium, per mmol/L | 0.98 | [0.85–1.14] | 0.824 |
| Cholesterol, per mmol/L | 0.95 | [0.79–1.14] | 0.571 |
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LVEDDi, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter index; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; RDW, red cell distribution width; SBP, systolic blood pressure.