Table 2.
Patient characteristics at baseline in different groups divided by HF types and D‐dimer levels
| HFpEF (n = 589) | HFrEF (n = 513) | Non‐HF (n = 3393) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <145 ng/mL | ≥145 ng/mL | <145 ng/mL | ≥145 ng/mL | <145 ng/mL | ≥145 ng/mL | ||||
| n = 294 | n = 295 | P value | n = 200 | n = 313 | P value | n = 2420 | n = 973 | P value | |
| Age (years) | 66 (59–71) | 70 (63–76) | <0.001 | 62.50 (52–69) | 66 (60–75) | <0.001 | 57 (50–65) | 65 (57–71) | <0.001 |
| Male | 154 (52.38) | 154 (52.20) | 0.966 | 142 (71) | 192 (61.34) | 0.025 | 1864 (77.02) | 594 (61.05) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.25 (21.90–26.89) | 23.59 (21.83–26.09) | 0.06 | 24.80 (22.12–27.07) | 23.67 (21.48–25.95) | 0.004 | 25.13 (23.04–27.68) | 24.44 (22.22–26.89) | <0.001 |
| Smoking (current + ex) | 170 (57.82) | 171 (57.97) | 0.972 | 123 (61.50) | 178 (56.87) | 0.299 | 1643 (67.89) | 628 (64.54) | <0.001 |
| Previous history | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 175 (59.52) | 178 (60.34) | 0.84 | 103 (51.50) | 181 (57.83) | 0.16 | 1184 (48.93) | 540 (55.50) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 81 (27.55) | 73 (24.75) | 0.439 | 69 (34.50) | 95 (30.35) | 0.326 | 540 (22.31) | 216 (22.20) | 0.942 |
| MI | 38 (12.93) | 25 (8.47) | 0.081 | 48 (24) | 46 (14.70) | 0.008 | 192 (7.93) | 91 (9.35) | 0.176 |
| AMI types | |||||||||
| STEMI | 202 (68.71) | 190 (64.41) | 0.269 | 144 (72) | 225 (71.88) | 0.977 | 1612 (66.61) | 689 (70.81) | 0.018 |
| CAG | 291 (98.98) | 288 (97.63) | 0.685 | 188 (94) | 298 (95.21) | 0.55 | 2356 (97.36) | 924 (94.96) | <0.001 |
| Multivessel disease | 154 (52.38) | 162 (54.92) | 0.537 | 114 (57) | 195 (62.30) | 0.232 | 936 (38.68) | 441 (45.32) | <0.001 |
| PCI | 259 (88.10) | 246 (83.39) | 0.102 | 167 (83.50) | 259 (82.75) | 0.825 | 2027 (83.76) | 774 (79.55) | 0.003 |
| LVEDd (mm) | 45.60 (42.65–48.10) | 45.20 (42–48.65) | 0.674 | 52.85 (48.48–57.60) | 52.50 (47–57) | 0.133 | 45.60 (42.80–48.40) | 45.30 (42.20–48.10) | 0.06 |
| EF (%) | 59 (55–62) | 59 (55–62) | 0.196 | 40.85 (37–45) | 40.70 (35–45) | 0.454 | 62 (58–63) | 61 (56–62) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory covariates | |||||||||
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 76.88 (62.45–92.03) | 58.87 (42.70–76.20) | <0.001 | 81.40 (66.46–93.59) | 60.63 (43.38–76.38) | <0.001 | 88.48 (74.67–101.75) | 77.96 (63.49–92.96) | <0.001 |
| cTNI (ng/L) | 48.77 (14.17–120.47) | 37.81 (11.04–126.67) | 0.54 | 74.51 (17.16–146.01) | 54.19 (12.32–163.93) | 0.417 | 26.59 (7.46–77.44) | 34.36 (9.88–93.26) | <0.001 |
| NT‐proBNP (pmol/L) | 3823 (1115–5298.50) | 5407 (3241–8668.50) | <0.001 | 4045.50 (1799–7365.25) | 7060 (3873–14 274) | <0.001 | 559.50 (202–1211) | 1069 (425–2033) | <0.001 |
| Hs‐CRP (mg/L) | 6.36 (2.44–12.62) | 11.74 (5.41–14.11) | <0.001 | 11.16 (4.33–13.95) | 12.83 (8.27–14.26) | <0.001 | 3.96 (1.73–9.57) | 7.17 (2.97–12.40) | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.36 (0.97–2.02) | 1.27 (0.91–1.81) | 0.091 | 1.29 (0.98–1.79) | 1.28 (0.94–1.77) | 0.742 | 1.44 (0.99–2.11) | 1.32 (0.96–1.86) | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.50 (3.79–5.25) | 4.38 (3.73–5.21) | 0.303 | 4.37 (3.78–5.22) | 4.30 (3.60–5.08) | 0.196 | 4.62 (3.98–5.33) | 4.51 (3.89–5.25) | 0.008 |
| Medical treatment | |||||||||
| Aspirin | 289 (98.30) | 277 (93.90) | 0.006 | 190 (95) | 279 (89.14) | 0.021 | 2387 (98.64) | 941 (96.71) | <0.001 |
| Clopidogrel or ticagrelor | 291 (98.98) | 280 (94.92) | 0.004 | 192 (96) | 278 (88.82) | 0.004 | 2394 (98.93) | 947 (97.33) | <0.001 |
| Statins | 288 (97.96) | 275 (93.22) | 0.005 | 191 (95.50) | 272 (86.90) | 0.001 | 2358 (97.44) | 940 (96.61) | 0.185 |
| ACEI/ARB | 231 (78.57) | 216 (73.22) | 0.129 | 164 (82) | 212 (67.73) | <0.001 | 1821 (75.25) | 668 (68.65) | <0.001 |
ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CAG, coronary angiography; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; EF, ejection fraction; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Hs‐CRP, high sensitivity C reactive protein; LVEDd, left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension; NT‐proBNP, amino‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.
Values are median (25th and 75th percentile) or number (percentages).