Table 2.
Predictors of Cardinal Symptoms of Any Severity Reported at Baseline
| Symptom 0 = Not Present 1 = Present | N | Gender | Age | Time from Ebola Treatment Unit | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % M (N) | % F (N) | P Value (Raw)a | Mean (SD) | P Value (Raw)b | Mean (SD) | P Value (Raw)c | |||
| Fatigue | Asx | 80 | 31.28 (56) | 16.44 (24) | .0077 | 28.56 (12.47) | .0038 | 398.75 (113.44) | .1269 |
| 0 | 145 | 41.34 (74) | 48.63 (71) | 33.78 (11.26) | 402.15 (95.19) | ||||
| 1 | 100 | 27.37 (49) | 34.93 (51) | 30.72 (11.11) | 425.37 (103.21) | ||||
| Numbness in feet | Asx | 80 | 31.28 (56) | 16.44 (24) | .0068 | 28.56 (12.47) | .0218 | 398.75 (113.44) | .0760 |
| 0 | 192 | 54.75 (98) | 64.38 (94) | 32.22 (11.50) | 405.89 (101.33) | ||||
| 1 | 53 | 13.97 (25) | 19.18 (28) | 33.67 (10.46) | 432.42 (87.80) | ||||
| Numbness in hands | Asx | 80 | 31.11 (56) | 16.44 (24) | .0041 | 28.56 (12.47) | .0193 | 398.75 (113.44) | .5125 |
| 0 | 205 | 55.56 (100) | 71.92 (105) | 32.18 (11.04) | 412.84 (102.04) | ||||
| 1 | 41 | 13.33 (24) | 11.64 (17) | 34.12 (12.33) | 403.02 (82.89) | ||||
| Headache | Asx | 80 | 31.11 (56) | 16.44 (24) | .0022 | 28.56 (12.47) | .0300 | 398.75 (113.44) | .0068 |
| 0 | 140 | 42.78 (77) | 43.15 (63) | 32.31 (11.62) | 395.49 (99.45) | ||||
| 1 | 106 | 26.11 (47) | 40.41 (59) | 32.76 (10.81) | 431.95 (94.98) | ||||
| Hearing loss | Asx | 80 | 31.11 (56) | 16.44 (24) | .0018 | 28.56 (12.47) | .0129 | 398.75 (113.44) | .0043 |
| 0 | 234 | 63.89 (115) | 81.51 (119) | 32.28 (11.29) | 415.86 (97.13) | ||||
| 1 | 12 | 5.00 (9) | 2.05 (3) | 36.84 (10.10) | 320.33 (95.33) | ||||
| Joint pain | Asx | 80 | 31.11 (56) | 16.44 (24) | .0078 | 28.56 (12.47) | .0002 | 398.75 (113.44) | .1731 |
| 0 | 118 | 33.89 (61) | 39.04 (57) | 30.07 (11.12) | 423.15 (102.93) | ||||
| 1 | 128 | 35.00 (63) | 44.52 (65) | 34.75 (10.96) | 400.19 (94.33) | ||||
| Muscle pain | Asx | 80 | 31.11 (56) | 16.55 (24) | .0053 | 28.56 (12.47) | .0017 | 398.75 (113.44) | .0070 |
| 0 | 202 | 55.00 (99) | 71.03 (103) | 31.65 (11.60) | 419.63 (99.81) | ||||
| 1 | 43 | 13.89 (25) | 12.41 (18) | 36.37 (8.74) | 369.98 (85.52) | ||||
| Vision problems | Asx | 80 | 31.11 (56) | 16.44 (24) | .0044 | 28.56 (12.47) | .0014 | 398.75 (113.44) | .0149 |
| 0 | 186 | 50.00 (90) | 65.75 (96) | 31.46 (11.25) | 420.44 (95.89) | ||||
| 1 | 60 | 18.89 (34) | 17.81 (26) | 35.73 (10.76) | 382.57 (103.84) |
The P value threshold for significance (P = .00361) was obtained through a permutation-based method. Significant values compared with this threshold are in bold. 0 = Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivor without that specific symptom. 1 = EVD survivor with that specific symptom.
Abbreviations: Asx, asymptomatic survivors, those without any cardinal symptom; SD, standard deviation.
aFisher exact test.
bAnalysis of variance.
cKruskal–Wallis test.