Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by Treatment Arm
| Characteristic | ART + PL (n = 29) | ART + ZOL (n = 34) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), years | 39.4 (6.9) | 39.7 (6.6) |
| Sex, n (%) | ||
| Male | 23 (79.3) | 27 (79.4) |
| Female | 6 (20.7) | 7 (20.6) |
| Race, n (%) | ||
| White | 3 (10.3) | 7 (20.6) |
| Black | 26 (89.7) | 27 (79.4) |
| History of smoking, n (%) | ||
| Yes | 26 (89.7) | 24 (70.6) |
| No | 3 (10.3) | 10 (29.4) |
| Current smoking, n (%) | ||
| Yes | 23 (79.3) | 19 (55.9) |
| No | 6 (20.7) | 15 (44.1) |
| No. of cigarettes smoked per day (in patients with history of smoking), mean (SD) | 7.6 (4.5) | 7.5 (6.0) |
| Years of cigarette smoking (in patients with history of smoking), mean (SD) | 13.4 (8.1) | 13.9 (9.6) |
| Alcohol use in past 30 days, n (%) | ||
| Daily | 1 (3.4) | 2 (5.9) |
| 5–6 times/wk | 0 (0) | 1 (2.9) |
| 3–4 times/wk | 1 (3.4) | 4 (11.8) |
| 1–2 times/wk | 8 (27.6) | 3 (8.8) |
| 2–3 times/mo | 2 (6.9) | 2 (5.9) |
| Once/month | 3 (10.3) | 8 (23.5) |
| Never | 14 (48.3) | 14 (41.2) |
| Baseline osteopenia in any area,a n (%) | ||
| Yes | 10 (34.5) | 7 (21.9) |
| No | 19 (65.6) | 25 (78.1) |
| Baseline lumbar spine BMD, mean (SD) | ||
| g/cm3 | 1.23 (0.14) | 1.29 (0.14) |
| t score | 0.16 (1.16) | 0.67 (1.22) |
| History of bone fracture, n (%) | ||
| Yes | 5 (17.2) | 10 (29.4) |
| No | 24 (82.8) | 24 (70.6) |
| HIV-1 RNA, mean (SD), log10 copies/mL | 4.81 (0.96) | 5.26 (0.44) |
| CD4+ count, mean (SD), cells/µL | 155 (145) | 102 (69) |
| Serum calcium, mean (SD), mg/dL | 9.3 (0.4) | 9.1 (0.4) |
| Serum vitamin D, mean (SD), ng/mL | 27.8 (10.0) | 28.1 (11.7) |
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMD, bone mineral density; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PL, active placebo; SD, standard deviation; ZOL, zoledronic acid.
aPatients with osteoporosis were not enrolled in the study. Baseline dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements for 2 patients were performed with a different machine and were not included in the analyses.