Figure 3:

A–C, Respiration-resolved evaluation of three-dimensional hemodynamics in a 65-year-old man with thoracic aortic aneurysm and no valve disease (heart rate, 50 beats per minute during imaging). A, Evaluation of caval inflow (superior vena cava [SVC] and inferior vena cava [IVC]) into the right atrium shows some increased peak velocities in the SVC and decreased velocities in the IVC at end expiration. B, C, Color maps reveal an increase in IVC peak flow and a potential temporal flow shift in this participant. D–F, Respiration-resolved evaluation of three-dimensional hemodynamics in a 61-year-old woman with a bicuspid aortic valve (heart rate, 59 beats per minute during the imaging) shows similar hemodynamic patterns. SVC and IVC color maps show differences in potential temporal shifts between respiratory flow curves. This participant also has noticeably less-noisy flow curves than the participant in A–C. See Movies 4–7 (supplement). IVC1 = IVC plane 1, IVC2 = IVC plane 2, Resp 1 = end expiration, Resp 2 = intermediate respiratory position more proximal to Resp 1, Resp 3 = intermediate respiratory position more proximal to Resp 4, Resp 4 = end inspiration, SVC = superior vena cava, SVC1 = SVC plane 1, SVC2 = SVC plane 2, SVC3 = SVC plane 3.