TABLE 6.

Selected KEGG orthology level 3 pathways in cecal digesta of pigs fed diets with or without phytase and lactic acid treatment of cereals^a

KEGG pathway no. and category	% relative abundance under indicated grain treatment conditions				SEM	P value
	No phytase		Phytase
	CON	LA	CON	LA		Phytase	LA	Phytase × LA
Amino acid metabolism
00260 Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism [PATH:ko00260]	5.66	5.49	5.62	5.52	0.036	0.858	0.001	0.293
00280 Valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation [PATH:ko00280]	0.93	0.83	1.00	0.94	0.035	0.015	0.034	0.595
00290 Valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis [PATH:ko00290]	2.71	2.67	2.60	2.56	0.051	0.047	0.413	0.972
00300 Lysine biosynthesis [PATH:ko00300]	3.31	3.46	3.37	3.42	0.040	0.788	0.028	0.238
00330 Arginine and proline metabolism [PATH:ko00330]	3.56	3.59	3.50	3.51	0.037	0.052	0.617	0.760
00350 Tyrosine metabolism [PATH:ko00350]	0.38	0.42	0.44	0.47	0.017	0.007	0.072	0.908
00400 Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis [PATH:ko00400]	2.29	2.29	2.20	2.18	0.035	0.007	0.816	0.798
Carbohydrate metabolism
00010 Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis [PATH:ko00010]	3.45	3.41	3.58	3.58	0.052	0.006	0.667	0.666
00020 Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) [PATH:ko00020]	2.07	2.03	1.92	1.89	0.044	0.003	0.405	0.937
00030 Pentose phosphate pathway [PATH:ko00030]	2.15	2.19	2.29	2.28	0.051	0.041	0.766	0.608
00052 Galactose metabolism [PATH:ko00052]	3.45	3.54	3.63	3.74	0.059	0.003	0.103	0.835
00500 Starch and sucrose metabolism [PATH:ko00500]	2.96	2.91	3.11	3.07	0.068	0.031	0.516	0.948
00620 Pyruvate metabolism [PATH:ko00620]	2.81	2.80	2.89	2.95	0.048	0.026	0.591	0.514
00650 Butanoate metabolism [PATH:ko00650]	0.29 a	0.26 b	0.27 ab	0.30 a	0.012	0.294	0.553	0.024
Energy metabolism
00190 Oxidative phosphorylation [PATH:ko00190]	3.35	3.23	3.37	3.38	0.027	0.007	0.055	0.022
00680 Methane metabolism [PATH:ko00680]	0.60 ab	0.57 b	0.58 b	0.64 a	0.019	0.188	0.423	0.032
00720 Carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes [PATH:ko00720]	0.607	0.636	0.647	0.665	0.011	0.006	0.051	0.645
Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism
00540 Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis [PATH:ko00540]	1.31	1.39	1.18	1.09	0.057	0.001	0.915	0.156
Lipid metabolism
00062 Fatty acid elongation [PATH:ko00062]	0.001	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.001	0.040	0.777	0.262
00071 Fatty acid metabolism [PATH:ko00071]	0.014	0.010	0.010	0.007	0.002	0.043	0.050	0.642
Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins
00130 Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis [PATH:ko00130]	0.54	0.58	0.48	0.49	0.024	0.004	0.315	0.569
00740 Riboflavin metabolism [PATH:ko00740]	0.77	0.82	0.74	0.73	0.018	0.002	0.315	0.078
00750 Vitamin B6 metabolism [PATH:ko00750]	0.54	0.55	0.51	0.50	0.014	0.012	0.816	0.629
00780 Biotin metabolism [PATH:ko00780]	0.48	0.52	0.47	0.47	0.014	0.037	0.126	0.151
00785 Lipoic acid metabolism [PATH:ko00785]	0.041 a	0.034 b	0.038 ab	0.040 a	0.002	0.397	0.213	0.039
00790 Folate biosynthesis [PATH:ko00790]	0.498	0.530	0.502	0.510	0.006	0.255	0.005	0.071
Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides
00281 Geraniol degradation [PATH:ko00281]	0.115	0.092	0.113	0.102	0.006	0.570	0.014	0.321
Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism
00633 Nitrotoluene degradation [PATH:ko00633]	0.027	0.041	0.017	0.025	0.004	0.009	0.018	0.525
00791 Atrazine degradation [PATH:ko00791]	0.016 a	0.011 b	0.011 b	0.016 a	0.002	0.740	0.832	0.003
00983 Drug metabolism—other enzymes [PATH:ko00983]	0.113	0.131	0.096	0.103	0.009	0.018	0.183	0.507

^aValues are presented as least-square means ± SEM (n = 8 pigs per dietary treatment). Different lowercase letters (a and b) in cell entries within a row indicate a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05). KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; Con, control; LA, lactic acid-treated cereals. Only KO level 3 pathways that were significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) or tended to be different (P ≤ 0.10) among treatments are presented. TCA, tricarboxylic acid.