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. 2020 Dec 22;9:e60987. doi: 10.7554/eLife.60987

Figure 4. Retrotransposons proliferate in HOAP[yak] at both telomeric and non-telomeric locations and are associated with a fitness cost.

(A) HeT-A FISH probe (red) hybridized to giant polytene chromosomes that were dissected from generation 50 HOAP[mel] and HOAP[yak] salivary glands. (B) HeT-A signal at chromosome ends at generation 50 HOAP[mel] and generation 50 HOAP[yak] (at least 10 tips per chromosome tip per individual, three individuals). (C) Telomere-telomere association frequency ('**': p-value < 0.005) and (D) non-telomeric HeT-A band frequency across generation 50 HOAP[mel] and HOAP[yak] ('**': p-value < 0.005). Percent nuclei calculated from at least 10 nuclei across six replicate individuals per genotype. (E) Lifetime male fertility (left) and female fertility (right), n = 30, '**': p-value < 0.005.

Figure 4—source data 1. HeT-A signal normalization and quantification data.
Figure 4—source data 2. Quantification of telomere associations and non-telomeric HeT-A insertions.
Figure 4—source data 3. Lifetime male and female fertility in generation 45 HOAP[mel] and HOAP[yak] genotypes.

Figure 4.

Figure 4—figure supplement 1. Strategy for HeT-A FISH probe design.

Figure 4—figure supplement 1.

Genome coverage plotted along the HeT-A consensus sequence from the pool-seq data. The HeT-A probe corresponds to the most abundant region. Probe primers (Supplementary file 4) are depicted with red arrowheads.
Figure 4—figure supplement 2. Additional representative images of HeT-A signal on polytene chromosomes.

Figure 4—figure supplement 2.

Representative images of HeT-A FISH signal on polytene chromosome squashes from generation 50 HOAP[mel] and HOAP[yak] across defined chromosome tips.
Figure 4—figure supplement 3. No evidence that telomere associations are telomere fusions in the evolved HOAP[yak] genotype.

Figure 4—figure supplement 3.

Two representative images of anaphase chromosomes from larval brains of generation 50 HOAP[yak]-Flag stained with anti-Flag and DAPI. Telomere fusions would appear as chromatin bridges.