Table 3.
Risk factors of ICU admission for COVID-19 patients with DM.
| Univariable OR (95% CI) | P value | Multivariable OR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 1.09 (1.02-1.27) | <0.0001 | 1.07 (1.02-1.13) | 0.007 |
| Female sex (vs. male) | 0.12 (0.01-1.27) | 0.077 | .. | .. |
| Hypertension | 2.333 (0.216-25.245) | 0.486 | ||
| CVD | 2.33 (0.22-25.25) | 0.486 | .. | .. |
| Fever | 0.75 (0.061-9.27) | 0.823 | ||
| Cough | 2.91 (0.27-31.21) | 0.575 | .. | .. |
| Expectoration | 0.70 (0.06-7.85) | 0.772 | .. | .. |
| Fatigue | 12.0 (0.81-77.43) | 0.071 | .. | .. |
| Myalgia | 5.67 (0.56-57.23) | 0.142 | .. | .. |
| Headache | 4.50 (0.23-88.24) | 0.322 | .. | .. |
| Respiratory rate ≥ 24 breaths per min | 7.73 (3.22-38.56) | 0.003 | 5.22 (2.26-16.58) | 0.016 |
| Lymphocyte count (×109/L) | .. | .. | ||
| ≤1.1 | 1.44 (0.19-11.04) | 0.732 | ||
| >1.1 | 1 (ref) | |||
| Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 1.57 (0.64-7.25) | 0.648 | .. | .. |
| HbA1c (%) | ||||
| <7% | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| ≥7% | 5.70 (2.19-15.46) | 0.006 | 4.58 (1.82-10.55) | 0.012 |
| Platelet count (×109/L) | 1.00 (0.990-1.01) | 0.996 | .. | .. |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | .. | .. | ||
| ≤0.05 | 1 (ref) | |||
| 0.05-10 | 3.0 (0.248-36.33) | 0.388 | ||
| >10 | 1.4 (0.07-28.12) | 0.826 | ||
| CRP (mg/L) | ||||
| ≤10 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | |
| >10 | 2.33 (0.22-25.25) | 0.486 | .. | .. |
| D-dimer (μg/L) | ||||
| ≤1000 | 1 (ref) | .. | .. | |
| >1000 | 3.20 (0.29-34.58) | 0.388 | .. | .. |
| Myoglobin (μg/L) | 1.02 (0.99-1.01) | 0.654 | .. | .. |
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | 1.01 (0.99-1.05) | 0.664 | .. | .. |
| ALT (U/L) | ||||
| ≤50 | 1 (ref) | .. | ||
| >50 | 3.70 (1.53-8.83) | 0.044 | .. | … |
| AST (U/L) | ||||
| ≤40 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | .. | |
| >40 | 3.92 (1.82-9.62) | 0.006 | 2.96 (1.58-8.85) | 0.022 |
Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; CVD: cardiovascular disease; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; CRP: C-reactive protein; ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase.